Legasi Aryabhata

Aryabhata's work was of great influence in the Indian astronomical tradition and influenced several neighbouring cultures through translations. The Arabic translation during the Islamic Golden Age (ca. 820 CE), was particularly influential. Some of his results are cited by Al-Khwarizmi, and he is mentioned by the 10th century Arabic scholar Al-Biruni, who states that Aryabhata's followers believed that the Earth rotated on its axis.

His definitions of sine (jya), cosine (kojya), versine (ukramajya), and inverse sine (otkram jya) influenced the birth of trigonometry. He was also the first to specify sine and versine (1 - cosx) tables, in 3.75° intervals from 0° to 90°, to an accuracy of 4 decimal places.

In fact, modern names "sine" and "cosine" are mistranscriptions of the words jya and kojya as introduced by Aryabhata. As mentioned, they were translated as jiba and kojiba in Arabic and then misunderstood by Gerard of Cremona while translating an Arabic geometry text to Latin. He assumed that jiba was the Arabic word jaib, which means "fold in a garment", L. sinus (c.1150).[32]

Aryabhata's astronomical calculation methods were also very influential. Along with the trigonometric tables, they came to be widely used in the Islamic world and used to compute many Arabic astronomical tables (zijes). In particular, the astronomical tables in the work of the Arabic Spain scientist Al-Zarqali (11th century) were translated into Latin as the Tables of Toledo (12th c.) and remained the most accurate ephemeris used in Europe for centuries.

Calendric calculations devised by Aryabhata and his followers have been in continuous use in India for the practical purposes of fixing the Panchangam (the Hindu calendar). In the Islamic world, they formed the basis of the Jalali calendar introduced in 1073 CE by a group of astronomers including Omar Khayyam[33], versions of which (modified in 1925) are the national calendars in use in Iran and Afghanistan today. The dates of the Jalali calendar are based on actual solar transit, as in Aryabhata and earlier Siddhanta calendars. This type of calendar requires an ephemeris for calculating dates. Although dates were difficult to compute, seasonal errors were less in the Jalali calendar than in the Gregorian calendar.

India's first satellite Aryabhata and the lunar crater Aryabhata are named in his honour. An Institute for conducting research in astronomy, astrophysics and atmospheric sciences is the Aryabhatta Research Institute of observational sciences (ARIES) near Nainital, India. The inter-school Aryabhata Maths Competition is also named after him,[34] as is Bacillus aryabhata, a species of bacteria discovered by ISRO scientists in 2009.[35]

Rujukan

WikiPedia: Aryabhata http://www.bartleby.com/65/om/OmarKhay.html http://www.etymonline.com/ http://books.google.com/books?id=3zMPFJy6YygC&pg=P... http://books.google.com/books?id=N3DE3GAyqcEC&pg=P... http://books.google.com/books?id=W0Uo_-_iizwC&pg=P... http://books.google.com/books?id=fAsFAAAAMAAJ&pg=P... http://books.google.com/books?id=nh6jgEEqqkkC&pg=P... http://books.google.com/books?id=sEX11ZyjLpYC&pg=P... http://www.hindu.com/yw/2006/02/03/stories/2006020... http://www.scribd.com/doc/20912413/The-Aryabhatiya...