Rujukan Aryabhata

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 K. V. Sarma (2001), "Āryabhaṭa: His name, time and provenance" (PDF), Indian Journal of History of Science, 36 (4): 105–115 
  2. ↑ Bhau Daji (1865), "Brief Notes on the Age and Authenticity of the Works of Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhattotpala, and Bhaskaracharya", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, m/s. 392 
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ansari, S.M.R. (1977). "Aryabhata I, His Life and His Contributions". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India. 5 (1): 10–18. Dicapai 2007-07-21.  Parameter |month= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  4. ↑ Cooke (1997). "The Mathematics of the Hindus". m/s. 204. Aryabhata himself (one of at least two mathematicians bearing that name) lived in the late fifth and the early sixth centuries at Kusumapura (Pataliutra, a village near the city of Patna) and wrote a book called Aryabhatiya.  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)
  5. 1 2 K. Chandra Hari, "Critical Evidence to Fix the Native Place of Āryabhat̟a-I", Current Science, Vol. 93, Issue 8, 25 October 2007
  6. ↑ K. Chandra Hari, "Alleged Mistake of Āryabhat̟a — Light onto His Place of Observation", Current Science Vol. 93, Issue 12, 25 December 2007, pp. 1870–73.
  7. ↑ K. Chandra Hari, "Āryabhat̟a on the Heliacal Rise and Set of Canopus", Current Science, Vol. 94, Issue 1, 10 January 2008
  8. ↑ Clark 1930, p. 68
  9. ↑ S. Balachandra Rao (2000), Indian Astronomy: An Introduction, Orient Blackswan, m/s. 82, ISBN 9788173712050 : "In Indian astronomy, the prime meridian is the great circle of the Earth passing through the north and south poles, Ujjayinī and Laṅkā, where Laṅkā was assumed to be on the Earth's equator."
  10. ↑ L. Satpathy (2003), Ancient Indian Astronomy, Alpha Science Int'l Ltd., m/s. 200, ISBN 9788173194320 : "Seven cardinal points are then defined on the equator, one of them called Laṅkā, at the intersection of the equator with the meridional line through Ujjaini. This Laṅkā is, of course, a fanciful name and has nothing to do with the island of Sri Laṅkā."
  11. ↑ Ernst Wilhelm, Classical Muhurta, Kala Occult Publishers, m/s. 44, ISBN 9780970963628 : "The point on the equator that is below the city of Ujjain is known, according to the Siddhantas, as Lanka. (This is not the Lanka that is now known as Sri Lanka; Aryabhata is very clear in stating that Lanka is 23 degrees south of Ujjain.)"
  12. ↑ R.M. Pujari; Pradeep Kolhe; N. R. Kumar (2006), Pride of India: A Glimpse into India's Scientific Heritage, SAMSKRITA BHARATI, m/s. 63, ISBN 9788187276272 
  13. ↑ Ebenezer Burgess; Phanindralal Gangooly (1989), The Surya Siddhanta: A Textbook of Hindu Astronomy, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., m/s. 46, ISBN 9788120806122 
  14. ↑ P. Z. Ingerman, "Panini-Backus form," Communications of the ACM 10 (3)(1967), p.137
  15. ↑ G. Ifrah (1998). A Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. John Wiley & Sons.  Parameter |address= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |location=) (bantuan)
  16. ↑ Dutta, Bibhutibhushan & Avadhesh Narayan Singh (1962), History of Hindu Mathematics, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, ISBN 81-86050-86-8 (reprint)
  17. ↑ S. Balachandra Rao (1994/1998). Indian Mathematics and Astronomy: Some Landmarks. Jnana Deep Publications. ISBN 81-7371-205-0.  Parameter |address= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |location=) (bantuan); Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  18. ↑ Roger Cooke (1997.). "The Mathematics of the Hindus". History of Mathematics: A Brief Course. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0471180823. Aryabhata gave the correct rule for the area of a triangle and an incorrect rule for the volume of a pyramid. (He claimed that the volume was half the height times the area of the base.)  Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  19. ↑ Howard Eves (1990). An Introduction to the History of Mathematics (edisi 6). Saunders College Publishing House, New York. m/s. 237. 
  20. ↑ Amartya K Dutta, "Diophantine equations: The Kuttaka", Resonance, October 2002. Also see earlier overview: Mathematics in Ancient India.
  21. ↑ Boyer, Carl B. (1991). "The Mathematics of the Hindus". A History of Mathematics (edisi Second). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. m/s. 207. ISBN 0471543977. He gave more elegant rules for the sum of the squares and cubes of an initial segment of the positive integers. The sixth part of the product of three quantities consisting of the number of terms, the number of terms plus one, and twice the number of terms plus one is the sum of the squares. The square of the sum of the series is the sum of the cubes. 
  22. ↑ Pingree, David (1996), "Astronomy in India", written at London, in Walker, Christopher, Astronomy before the Telescope, British Museum Press, 123–142, ISBN 0-7141-1746-3 pp. 127–9.
  23. ↑ Otto Neugebauer, "The Transmission of Planetary Theories in Ancient and Medieval Astronomy," Scripta Mathematica, 22 (1956), pp. 165–192; reprinted in Otto Neugebauer, Astronomy and History: Selected Essays, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983, pp. 129–156. ISBN 0-387-90844-7
  24. ↑ Hugh Thurston, Early Astronomy, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 178–189. ISBN 0-387-94822-8
  25. ↑ "JSC NES School Measures Up", NASA, 11th April, 2006, retrieved 24th January, 2008.
  26. ↑ "The Round Earth", NASA, 12th December, 2004, retrieved 24th January, 2008.
  27. ↑ The concept of Indian heliocentrism has been advocated by B. L. van der Waerden, Das heliozentrische System in der griechischen, persischen und indischen Astronomie. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich:Kommissionsverlag Leeman AG, 1970.
  28. ↑ B.L. van der Waerden, "The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy", in David A. King and George Saliba, ed., From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E. S. Kennedy, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 500 (1987), pp. 529–534.
  29. ↑ Noel Swerdlow, "Review: A Lost Monument of Indian Astronomy," Isis, 64 (1973): 239–243.
  30. ↑ Dennis Duke, "The Equant in India: The Mathematical Basis of Ancient Indian Planetary Models." Archive for History of Exact Sciences 59 (2005): 563–576, n. 4.
  31. ↑ J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, Aryabhata the Elder, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive:
    "He believes that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, incredibly he believes that the orbits of the planets are ellipses."
  32. ↑ Douglas Harper (2001). "Online Etymology Dictionary". Dicapai 2007-07-14. 
  33. ↑ Omar Khayyam. The Columbia Encyclopedia (edisi 6). 2001-05. Dicapai 2007-06-10.  Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  34. ↑ "Maths can be fun". The Hindu. 2006-02-03. Dicapai 2007-07-06. 
  35. ↑ Discovery of New Microorganisms in the Stratosphere. Mar. 16, 2009. ISRO.

Rujukan lain

  • Cooke, Roger (1997). The History of Mathematics: A Brief Course. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0471180823. 
  • Clark (1930), The Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa: An Ancient Indian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Chicago Press; reprint: Kessinger Publishing (2006), ISBN 978-1425485993  Parameter |firtst= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  • Kak, Subhash C. (2000). 'Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy'. In Selin, Helaine (2000), Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy, Boston: Kluwer, ISBN 0-7923-6363-9
  • Shukla, Kripa Shankar. Aryabhata: Indian Mathematician and Astronomer. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1976.
  • Thurston, H. (1994), Early Astronomy, Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 0-387-94107-X

Rujukan

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