Rujukan Obesiti

Nota kaki

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Obesity and overweight Fact sheet N°311". WHO. January 2015. Dicapai 2 February 2016. 
  2. ↑ Yazdi, FT; Clee, SM; Meyre, D (2015). "Obesity genetics in mouse and human: back and forth, and back again". PeerJ. 3: e856. doi:10.7717/peerj.856. PMC 4375971 . PMID 25825681. 
  3. 1 2 Kanazawa, M; Yoshiike, N; Osaka, T; Numba, Y; Zimmet, P; Inoue, S (2005). "Criteria and classification of obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania". World review of nutrition and dietetics. 94: 1–12. doi:10.1159/000088200. PMID 16145245. 
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". Lancet (Review). 366 (9492): 1197–209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1. PMID 16198769. 
  5. 1 2 Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annu Rev Public Health (Research Support). 29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  6. 1 2 Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences (edisi 2nd). Oxford: OUP Oxford. 2011. m/s. 180. ISBN 9780191652295. 
  7. ↑ Kushner, Robert (2007). Treatment of the Obese Patient (Contemporary Endocrinology). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. m/s. 158. ISBN 1-59745-400-1. Dicapai April 5, 2009. 
  8. ↑ Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA (Jan 1, 2014). "Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review". JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association (Review). 311 (1): 74–86. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281361. PMC 3928674 . PMID 24231879. 
  9. ↑ Colquitt, JL; Pickett, K; Loveman, E; Frampton, GK (Aug 8, 2014). "Surgery for weight loss in adults". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Meta-analysis, Review). 8: CD003641. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003641.pub4. PMID 25105982. 
  10. ↑ Imaz I, Martínez-Cervell C, García-Alvarez EE, Sendra-Gutiérrez JM, González-Enríquez J (July 2008). "Safety and effectiveness of the intragastric balloon for obesity. A meta-analysis". Obes Surg. 18 (7): 841–6. doi:10.1007/s11695-007-9331-8. PMID 18459025. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  11. ↑ Encyclopedia of Mental Health (edisi 2). Academic Press. 2015. m/s. 158. ISBN 9780123977533. 
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Dibaise JK, Foxx-Orenstein AE (July 2013). "Role of the gastroenterologist in managing obesity". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 7 (5): 439–51. doi:10.1586/17474124.2013.811061. PMID 23899283. 
  13. ↑ Woodhouse R (2008). "Obesity in art: A brief overview". Front Horm Res. Frontiers of Hormone Research. 36: 271–86. doi:10.1159/000115370. ISBN 978-3-8055-8429-6. PMID 18230908. 
  14. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (June 18, 2013). "A.M.A. Recognizes Obesity as a Disease". New York Times. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada June 18, 2013. 
  15. ↑ Weinstock, Matthew (June 21, 2013). "The Facts About Obesity". H&HN. American Hospital Association. Dicapai June 24, 2013. 
  16. ↑ WHO 2000 p.6
  17. ↑ Sweeting HN (2007). "Measurement and Definitions of Obesity In Childhood and Adolescence: A field guide for the uninitiated". Nutr J. 6 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-32. PMC 2164947 . PMID 17963490. 
  18. ↑ NHLBI p.xiv
  19. ↑ Gray DS, Fujioka K (1991). "Use of relative weight and Body Mass Index for the determination of adiposity". J Clin Epidemiol. 44 (6): 545–50. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90218-X. PMID 2037859. 
  20. ↑ "Healthy Weight: Assessing Your Weight: BMI: About BMI for Children and Teens". Center for disease control and prevention. Dicapai April 6, 2009. 
  21. ↑ Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Wei R, Kuczmarski RL, Johnson CL (June 2001). "Prevalence of overweight in US children: comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73 (6): 1086–93. PMID 11382664. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  22. ↑ 1 (lb/sq in) is more precisely 703.06957964 (kg/m2).
  23. ↑ "BMI classification". World Health Organization. Dicapai 15 February 2014. 
  24. ↑ WHO 2000 p.9
  25. ↑ Sturm R (July 2007). "Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005". Public Health. 121 (7): 492–6. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.006. PMC 2864630 . PMID 17399752. 
  26. ↑ Bei-Fan Z (December 2002). "Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults: study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults". Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 11 Suppl 8: S685–93. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s8.9.x. PMID 12534691. 
  27. 1 2 3 4 Poulain M, Doucet M, Major GC, Drapeau V, Sériès F, Boulet LP, Tremblay A, Maltais F (April 2006). "The effect of obesity on chronic respiratory diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies". CMAJ. 174 (9): 1293–9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051299. PMC 1435949 . PMID 16636330. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  28. 1 2 3 4 Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, Flint AJ, Hannan L, MacInnis RJ, Moore SC, Tobias GS, Anton-Culver H, Freeman LB, Beeson WL, Clipp SL, English DR, Folsom AR, Freedman DM, Giles G, Hakansson N, Henderson KD, Hoffman-Bolton J, Hoppin JA, Koenig KL, Lee IM, Linet MS, Park Y, Pocobelli G, Schatzkin A, Sesso HD, Weiderpass E, Willcox BJ, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Willett WC, Thun MJ (2010). "Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (23): 2211–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1000367. PMC 3066051 . PMID 21121834. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  29. ↑ Barness LA, Opitz JM, Gilbert-Barness E (December 2007). "Obesity: genetic, molecular, and environmental aspects". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 143A (24): 3016–34. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32035. PMID 18000969. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  30. ↑ Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL (March 2004). "Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000" (PDF). JAMA. 291 (10): 1238–45. doi:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238. PMID 15010446. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  31. 1 2 Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, Stevens J, VanItallie TB (October 1999). "Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States". JAMA. 282 (16): 1530–8. doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1530. PMID 10546692. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  32. 1 2 3 Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, Qizilbash N, Collins R, Peto R (March 2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372 . PMID 19299006. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  33. ↑ Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW (October 1999). "Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (15): 1097–105. doi:10.1056/NEJM199910073411501. PMID 10511607. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  34. ↑ Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, Bergmann M, Schulze MB, Overvad K, van der Schouw YT, Spencer E, Moons KG, Tjønneland A; dll. (November 2008). "General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe". N. Engl. J. Med. 359 (20): 2105–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801891. PMID 19005195. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  35. ↑ WHO Expert, Consultation (Jan 10, 2004). "Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies". Lancet. 363 (9403): 157–63. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3. PMID 14726171. 
  36. ↑ Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE (1995). "Body weight and mortality among women". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (11): 677–85. doi:10.1056/NEJM199509143331101. PMID 7637744. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  37. ↑
  38. ↑ Fried M, Hainer V, Basdevant A, Buchwald H, Deitel M, Finer N, Greve JW, Horber F, Mathus-Vliegen E, Scopinaro N, Steffen R, Tsigos C, Weiner R, Widhalm K (April 2007). "Inter-disciplinary European guidelines on surgery of severe obesity". Int J Obes (Lond). 31 (4): 569–77. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803560. PMID 17325689. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  39. ↑ Peeters A, Barendregt JJ, Willekens F, Mackenbach JP, Al Mamun A, Bonneux L (January 2003). "Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: A life-table analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 138 (1): 24–32. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00008. PMID 12513041. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  40. ↑ Grundy SM (2004). "Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (6): 2595–600. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0372. PMID 15181029. 
  41. ↑ Seidell 2005 p.9
  42. 1 2 Bray GA (2004). "Medical consequences of obesity". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (6): 2583–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0535. PMID 15181027. 
  43. ↑ Shoelson SE, Herrero L, Naaz A (May 2007). "Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance". Gastroenterology. 132 (6): 2169–80. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.059. PMID 17498510. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  44. ↑ Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB (July 2006). "Inflammation and insulin resistance". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (7): 1793–801. doi:10.1172/JCI29069. PMC 1483173 . PMID 16823477. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  45. ↑ Dentali F, Squizzato A, Ageno W (July 2009). "The metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for venous and arterial thrombosis". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 35 (5): 451–7. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1234140. PMID 19739035. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  46. ↑ Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (BMI Mediated, Effects); Lu, Y; Hajifathalian, K; Ezzati, M; Woodward, M; Rimm, EB; Danaei, G (15 March 2014). "Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants". Lancet (London, England). 383 (9921): 970–83. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61836-X. PMID 24269108. 
  47. ↑ Darvall KA, Sam RC, Silverman SH, Bradbury AW, Adam DJ (February 2007). "Obesity and thrombosis". Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 33 (2): 223–33. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.10.006. PMID 17185009. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 Yosipovitch G, DeVore A, Dawn A (June 2007). "Obesity and the skin: skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 56 (6): 901–16; quiz 917–20. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.004. PMID 17504714. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  49. ↑ Hahler B (June 2006). "An overview of dermatological conditions commonly associated with the obese patient". Ostomy Wound Manage. 52 (6): 34–6, 38, 40 passim. PMID 16799182. 
  50. 1 2 3 Arendas K, Qiu Q, Gruslin A (2008). "Obesity in pregnancy: pre-conceptional to postpartum consequences". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'obstétrique Et Gynécologie Du Canada : JOGC. 30 (6): 477–88. PMID 18611299. Selenggaraan CS1: Menggunakan parameter authors (link)
  51. ↑ Harney D, Patijn J (2007). "Meralgia paresthetica: diagnosis and management strategies". Pain Med (Review). 8 (8): 669–77. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00227.x. PMID 18028045. 
  52. ↑ Bigal ME, Lipton RB (January 2008). "Obesity and chronic daily headache". Curr Pain Headache Rep (Review). 12 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1007/s11916-008-0011-8. PMID 18417025. 
  53. ↑ Sharifi-Mollayousefi A, Yazdchi-Marandi M, Ayramlou H, Heidari P, Salavati A, Zarrintan S, Sharifi-Mollayousefi A (February 2008). "Assessment of body mass index and hand anthropometric measurements as independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome". Folia Morphol. (Warsz). 67 (1): 36–42. PMID 18335412. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  54. ↑ Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Wang Y (May 2008). "Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Obes Rev (Meta-analysis). 9 (3): 204–18. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00473.x. PMID 18331422. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  55. ↑ Wall M (March 2008). "Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep (Review). 8 (2): 87–93. doi:10.1007/s11910-008-0015-0. PMID 18460275. 
  56. ↑ Munger KL, Chitnis T, Ascherio A (2009). "Body size and risk of MS in two cohorts of US women". Neurology (Comparative Study). 73 (19): 1543–50. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c0d6e0. PMC 2777074 . PMID 19901245. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  57. ↑ Basen-Engquist, Karen; Chang, Maria (16 November 2010). "Obesity and Cancer Risk: Recent Review and Evidence". Current Oncology Reports. 13 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1007/s11912-010-0139-7. PMID 21080117. 
  58. ↑ Aune, D; Norat, T; Vatten, LJ (December 2014). "Body mass index and the risk of gout: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies". European journal of nutrition. 53 (8): 1591–601. doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0766-0. PMID 25209031. 
  59. ↑ Tukker A, Visscher TL, Picavet HS (April 2008). "Overweight and health problems of the lower extremities: osteoarthritis, pain and disability". Public Health Nutr (Research Support). 12 (3): 1–10. doi:10.1017/S1368980008002103. PMID 18426630. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  60. ↑ Molenaar EA, Numans ME, van Ameijden EJ, Grobbee DE (November 2008). "[Considerable comorbidity in overweight adults: results from the Utrecht Health Project]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (English abstract) (dalam bahasa Dutch). 152 (45): 2457–63. PMID 19051798. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link) Selenggaraan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak dikenali (link)
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  62. ↑ Hunskaar S (2008). "A systematic review of overweight and obesity as risk factors and targets for clinical intervention for urinary incontinence in women". Neurourol. Urodyn. (Review). 27 (8): 749–57. doi:10.1002/nau.20635. PMID 18951445. 
  63. ↑ Ejerblad E, Fored CM, Lindblad P, Fryzek J, McLaughlin JK, Nyrén O (2006). "Obesity and risk for chronic renal failure". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (Research Support). 17 (6): 1695–702. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005060638. PMID 16641153. Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
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