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  1. 1 2 (Disunting oleh) Bauchot, Roland (1994). Snakes: A Natural History. New York City, NY, USA: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. m/s. 220. ISBN 1-4027-3181-7. 
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Serpentes". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Dicapai 3 Disember 2008. 
  3. 1 2 3 snake species list di Reptile Database. Dicapai 22 Mei 2012.
  4. ↑ Murphy; Henderson, JC; RW (1997). Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons. Florida, USA: Krieger Pub. Co. m/s. 221. ISBN 0-89464-995-7. 
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mehrtens, JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York City, NY, USA: Sterling Publishers. m/s. 480. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X. 
  6. 1 2 Lee, Michael S. Y. (2007). "Phylogeny of snakes (Serpentes): combining morphological and molecular data in likelihood, Bayesian and parsimony analyses". Systematics and Biodiversity. 5 (4): 371–389. doi:10.1017/S1477200007002290.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  7. ↑ Durand, J.F. (2004). "The origin of snakes". Geoscience Africa 2004. Abstract Volume, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan, m/s. 187.
  8. ↑ Vidal, N., Rage, J.-C., Couloux, A. and Hedges, S.B. (2009). "Snakes (Serpentes)". M/s. 390-397 dlm Hedges, S.B. dan Kumar, S. (ed.), The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Sanchez, Alejandro. "Diapsids III: Snakes". Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History. Dicapai 2007-11-26. 
  10. 1 2 "New Fossil Snake With Legs". UNEP WCMC Database. Washington, D.C.: American Association For The Advancement Of Science. Dicapai 2013-02-02. 
  11. 1 2 Mc Dowell, Samuel (1972). "The evolution of the tongue of snakes and its bearing on snake origins". Evolutionary Biology. 6: 191–273. 
  12. ↑ Apesteguía, Sebastián; Zaher, H (2006). "A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum". Nature. 440 (7087): 1037–1040. doi:10.1038/nature04413. PMID 16625194. Dicapai 2007-11-29.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan); Parameter |month= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan); Lebih daripada satu |last1= dan |last= dinyatakan (bantuan); Lebih daripada satu |first1= dan |first= dinyatakan (bantuan)
  13. 1 2 3 Mertens, Robert (1961). "Lanthanotus: an important lizard in evolution". Sarawak Museum Journal. 10: 320–322. 
  14. 1 2 Conant R, Collins JT. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 450 pp. 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-37022-1.
  15. ↑ Natural History Information Centre, Auckland War Memorial Museum. "Natural History Questions". Auckland War Memorial Museum | Tamaki Paenga Hira. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland War Memorial Museum. Q. Are there any snakes in New Zealand?. Dicapai 26 April 2012. 
  16. ↑ Pough; dll. (2002) [1992]. Herpetology: Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-100849-8. Selenggaraan CS1: Penggunaan eksplisit et al. (link)
  17. 1 2 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, jil. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 m/s. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (siri). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (jilid).
  18. ↑ Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 m/s. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
  19. ↑ Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Edisi ke-2. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 m.s. 16 plat. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (kain), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
  20. ↑ Spawls S, Howell K, Drewes R, Ashe J. 2004. A Field Guide To The Reptiles Of East Africa. London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. 543 m/s. ISBN 0-7136-6817-2.
  21. ↑ Elapidae di TIGR Reptile Database. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2008.
  22. ↑ CTV: Ancient, gargantuan snakes ate crocs for breakfast
  23. ↑ S. Blair Hedges (4 Ogos 2008). "At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1841: 1–30. Dicapai 2008-08-04. 
  24. ↑ Boback, Scott M. (2001). "EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR AN OPTIMAL BODY SIZE IN SNAKES" (12). The Society for the Study of Evolution. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0345:EEFAOB]2.0.CO;2.  Parameter |vol= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |volume=) (bantuan); Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 Cogger(1991), m/s. 180.
  26. ↑ Reptile Senses: Understanding Their World.
  27. ↑ Smith, Malcolm A. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Jil I, Loricata and Testudines. m/s. 30.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Are snakes slimy? at Singapore Zoological Garden's Docent. Dicapai 14 Ogos 2006.
  29. ↑ Part III: Scales of Lizards and Snakes at WhoZoo. Dicapai 4 Disember 2008.
  30. 1 2 General Snake Information at South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. Dicapai pada 4 Disember 2008.
  31. 1 2 Wilcox, Robert A; Whitham, Emma M (15 April 2003). "The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two". Annals of Internal Medicine. 138 (8): 673–7. PMID 12693891. Dicapai 2007-11-26. 
  32. ↑ Harline, P H (1971). "Physiological basis for detection of sound and vibration in snakes" (PDF). J. Exp. Biol. 54 (2): 349–371. 
  33. ↑ "Auditory Localization of Ground-Borne Vibrations in Snakes". Phys. Rev. Lett. 100: 048701. 2008. 
  34. ↑ Lisa Zyga (2008-02-13). "Desert Snake Hears Mouse Footsteps with its Jaw". PhysOrg. 
  35. ↑ Cogger, H 1993 Fauna of Australia. Jil. 2A Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Biological Resources Studies, Canberra.
  36. ↑ Arnold, E.N. (1984). "Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives". Journal of Natural History. 18 (1): 127–169. doi:10.1080/00222938400770131. 
  37. ↑ N. B. Ananjeva and N. L. Orlov (1994) Caudal autotomy in Colubrid snake Xenochrophis piscator from Vietnam. Jurnal Herpetologi 1(2) Rusia
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mader, Douglas (Jun 1995). "Reptilian Anatomy". Reptiles. 3 (2): 84–93. 
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 Freiberg (1984), m/s. 125.
  40. 1 2 Freiberg (1984), m/s. 123.
  41. 1 2 3 4 Freiberg (1984), m/s. 126.
  42. ↑ Fry, Brian G; Vidal, Nicholas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, Ryan; Kuruppu, Sanjaya; Fung, K; Hedges, SB (2006). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature (Letters). 439 (7076): 584–588. doi:10.1038/nature04328. PMID 16292255.  Lebih daripada satu |last1= dan |last= dinyatakan (bantuan); Lebih daripada satu |first1= dan |first= dinyatakan (bantuan)
  43. 1 2 3 4 Capula (1989), m/s. 117.
  44. 1 2 Cogger (1991), m/s. 186.
  45. 1 2 Capula (1989), m/s. 118.
  46. 1 2 3 Cogger (1991), m/s. 182.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 Behler (1979) m/s. 581.
  48. ↑ Hori, Michio; Asami, Takahiro; Hoso, Masaki (2007). "Right-handed snakes: convergent evolution of asymmetry for functional specialization". Biology Letters. 3 (2): 169–72. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0600. PMC 2375934 . PMID 17307721. 
  49. ↑ Freiberg (1984), m/s. 125–127.
  50. ↑ Rosenfeld (1989), m/s. 11.
  51. ↑ Tattersall, GJ; Milsom, WK; Abe, AS; Brito, SP; Andrade, DV (2004). "The thermogenesis of digestion in rattlesnakes". Journal of Experimental Biology. The Company of Biologists. 207 (Pt 4): 579–585. doi:10.1242/jeb.00790. PMID 14718501. Dicapai 2006-05-26. 
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cogger(1991), m/s. 175.
  53. 1 2 Gray, J. (1946). "The mechanism of locomotion in snakes". Journal of experimental biology. 23 (2): 101–120. PMID 20281580. 
  54. 1 2 Hekrotte, Carlton (1967). "Relations of Body Temperature, Size, and Crawling Speed of the Common Garter Snake, Thamnophis s. sirtalis". Copeia. 23 (4): 759–763. doi:10.2307/1441886. JSTOR 1441886. 
  55. 1 2 3 Walton, M.; Jayne, B.C.; Bennett, A.F. (1967). "The energetic cost of limbless locomotion". Science. 249 (4968): 524–527. doi:10.1126/science.249.4968.524. PMID 17735283. 
  56. 1 2 Gray, J; H.W., H (1950). "Kinetics of locomotion of the grass snake". Journal of experimental biology. 26 (4): 354–367. 
  57. ↑ Gray, J; Lissman (1953). "Undulatory propulsion". Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. 94: 551–578. 
  58. ↑ Jayne, B.C. (1988). "Muscular mechanisms of snake locomotion: an electromyographic study of lateral undulation of the Florida banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata) and the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta)". Journal of Morphology. 197 (2): 159–181. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051970204. PMID 3184194.  Lebih daripada satu |last1= dan |last= dinyatakan (bantuan); Lebih daripada satu |first1= dan |first= dinyatakan (bantuan)
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cogger(1991), m/s. 177.
  60. 1 2 Jayne, B.C. (1986). "Kinematics of terrestrial snake locomotion". Copeia. 1986 (4): 915–927. doi:10.2307/1445288. JSTOR 1445288. 
  61. 1 2 Cogger (1991), m/s. 176.
  62. 1 2 3 4 Astley, H.C.; Jayne, B.C. (2007). "Effects of perch diameter and incline on the kinematics, performance and modes of arboreal locomotion of corn snakes (Elaphe guttata)". Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (Pt 21): 3862–3872. doi:10.1242/jeb.009050. PMID 17951427. 
  63. 1 2 Freiberg (1984), m/s. 135.
  64. ↑ Socha, JJ (2002). "Gliding flight in the paradise tree snake". Nature. 418 (6898): 603–604. doi:10.1038/418603a. PMID 12167849. 
  65. 1 2 MedlinePlus > Snake bites From Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapcynski JS, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2004. Tarikh dikemaskini: 2/27/2008. Kemas kini oleh: Stephen C. Acosta, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR. Tinjauan oleh VeriMed Healthcare Network. Juga oleh David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. Dicapai 2010-03-09.
  66. ↑ Health-care-clinic.org > Snake Bite First Aid - Snakebite. Dicapai 2010-03-09.
  67. ↑ Sinha, Kounteya (25 Julai 2006). "No more the land of snake charmers..." The Times of India. 
  68. ↑ NCBI.nlm.nih.gov
  69. 1 2 3 Bagla, Pallava (April 23, 2002). "India's Snake Charmers Fade, Blaming Eco-Laws, TV". National Geographic News. Dicapai 2007-11-26. 
  70. ↑ Ensiklopedia International Wildlife, edisi ke-3, m/s. 482.
  71. ↑ Whitaker, Romulus & Captain, Ashok. Snakes of India: The Field Guide.(2004) m/s. 11-13.
  72. ↑ Irvine, F. R. (1954). "Snakes as food for man". British Journal of Herpetology. 1 (10): 183–189. 
  73. 1 2 Flynn, Eugene (23 April 2002). "Flynn Of The Orient Meets The Cobra". Fabulous Travel. Dicapai 2007-11-26. 
  74. ↑ "蛇酒的泡制与药用 (The production and medicinal qualities of snake wine)". 2007-04-09. 
  75. ↑ Allen, David (July 22, 2001). "Okinawa's potent habu sake packs healthy punch, poisonous snake". Stars and Stripes. Dicapai 2007-11-26. 
  76. ↑ Ernest, Carl (1996). Snakes in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. m/s. 203. ISBN 1-56098-648-4.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  77. 1 2 3 4 Bullfinch (2000) m/s. 85.
  78. 1 2 Deane (1833). m/s. 61.
  79. ↑ Deane (1833). m/s. 62–64.
  80. ↑ Benson, Elizabeth (1972). The Mochica: A Culture of Peru. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-72001-0. 
  81. ↑ Berrin, Katherine; Larco Museum (1997). The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-01802-6. 
  82. ↑ The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. Miller, Mary 1993 Thames & Hudson. London ISBN 978-0-500-27928-1

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