Nota Hindi-Urdu

  1. ↑ Standard Hindi: 180 juta India (1991). Urdu: 48 juta India (1997), 11 juta Pakistan (1993). Ethnologue 16.
  2. ↑ 120 juta Standard Hindi (1999), 45 juta Urdu (1999). Ethnologue 16.
  3. ↑ BBC: A Guide to Urdu
  4. ↑ The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction
  5. ↑ National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language
  6. ↑ Mohammad Tahsin Siddiqi (1994), Hindustani-English code-mixing in modern literary texts, University of Wisconsin, ... Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan ... 
  7. ↑ Lydia Mihelič Pulsipher, Alex Pulsipher, Holly M. Hapke (2005), World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives, Macmillan, ISBN 0716719045, ... By the time of British colonialism, Hindustani was the lingua franca of all of northern India and what is today Pakistan ... Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  8. ↑ "About Hindi-Urdu". North Carolina State University. Dicapai 2009–08–09.  Check date values in: |access-date= (bantuan)
  9. ↑ Michael Huxley (editor) (1935), The Geographical magazine, Volume 2, Geographical Press, ... For new terms it can draw at will upon the Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Sanskrit dictionaries ... Selenggaraan CS1: Extra text: senarai pengarang (link)
  10. ↑ Britain), Royal Society of Arts (Great (1948), Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Volume 97, ... it would be very unwise to restrict it to a vocabulary mainly dependent upon Sanskrit, or mainly dependent upon Persian. If a language is to be strong and virile it must draw on both sources, just as English has drawn on Latin and Teutonic sources ...