Rujukan Jeneral_Tentera_Darat

  1. 1 2 "Army Regutation 600-20, see table 1-2 on page 5" (PDF). 
  2. 1 2 3 4 "U.S. Army Five Star Generals – Frequently Asked Questions". history.army.mil. U.S. Army Center of Military History. Dicapai 19 October 2015. 
  3. 1 2 3 "Public Law 94-479" (PDF). gpo.gov. United States Government Printing Office. Dicapai 19 October 2015. 
  4. ↑ Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army, General Orders No. 52, http://www.ulyssessgrant.org/p/general-of-army.html
  5. ↑ "Public Law 482". Dicapai 2008-04-29. 
  6. 1 2 "Public Law 78-482" (PDF). legisworks.org. Legis Works. Dicapai 19 October 2015. 
  7. ↑ "Public Law 333, 79th Congress". Naval Historical Center. April 11, 2007. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-10-13. Dicapai 2007-10-22.  Parameter |url-status= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan) The retirement provisions were also applied to the World War II Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Commandant of the Coast Guard, both of whom held four-star rank.
  8. ↑ "Public Law 79-333" (PDF). legisworks.org. Legis Works. Dicapai 19 October 2015. 
  9. 1 2 Leonard Mosley, Marshall, hero for our times (1982), 270, available at Google Books
  10. ↑ Sydney Louis Mayer, The biography of General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur (1984), 70, available at Google Books
  11. ↑ Eric Larrabee, Commander in chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his lieutenants, and their war (2004), 200, available at Google Books
  12. ↑ Stuart H. Loory, Defeated; inside America's military machine (1973), 78, available at Google Books
  13. ↑ "John F. Kennedy: Letter to President Eisenhower Upon Signing Bill Restoring His Military Rank". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. 
  14. ↑ "Public Law 87-3" (PDF). gpo.gov. United States Government Printing Office. Dicapai 19 October 2015. 
  15. ↑ Jean Edward Smith (2012). Eisenhower in War and Peace. Random House. m/s. 761–2. ISBN 978-1-4000-6693-3. 
  16. ↑ "Eisenhower Military Ranks". Eisenhower Presidential Center. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-06-12. Dicapai 2007-10-22. 
  17. ↑ "Eisenhower Resigned as General". Eisenhower Presidential Center. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada June 12, 2007. Dicapai 2007-10-22.  Parameter |url-status= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  18. ↑ "CMH". www.history.army.mil. 
  19. ↑ James 1985, m/s. 661–662.
  20. ↑ Uldrich, Jack (2005). Soldier, statesman, peacemaker: leadership lessons from George C. Marshall. m/s. 151. ISBN 978-0-8144-0857-5. Dicapai February 21, 2011. 
  21. ↑ Taylor, E. Kelly (2009). America's Army and the Language of Grunts: Understanding the Army Lingo Legacy. AuthorHouse. m/s. 283. ISBN 978-1-4389-6250-4. Dicapai February 25, 2011. The rank was created during World War II because of the enormity of the war, and the fact that several American commanders found themselves in the awkward position of commanding Allied officers of higher rank 
  22. 1 2 "U.S. Sen. Kasten Pushing Effort To Award Powell With Historic Fifth Star". Jet. 79 (23). March 1991. ISSN 0021-5996. Dicapai February 21, 2011. ...there is a movement afoot in the U.S. Senate to award an historic fifth star to the nation's first Black Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Colin L. Powell for his military proficiency. 
  23. 1 2 Stephanopoulos, George (1999). All Too Human: A Political Education. Thorndike Press. m/s. 330–331. ISBN 978-0-7862-2016-8. Dicapai February 21, 2011. Mack asked me to secretly research the procedure for awarding a fifth star to a general. [...] If Powell did challenge Clinton, the fifth star would forestall criticism of the general's military record. 
  24. ↑ Abrams, Jim (March 22, 1991). "Higher rank not in the stars for nation's top generals". Associated Press. Bradley received his fifth star in 1950 when he became chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff so he would not be outranked by MacArthur. 
  25. ↑ Tillman, Barrett (2004). Brassey's D-Day encyclopedia: the Normandy invasion A-Z. Brassey's. m/s. 48. ISBN 978-1-57488-760-0. Dicapai February 22, 2011. MacArthur, having been army chief of staff before World War II, was senior to everyone on the Joint Chiefs, and some observers felt that Bradley was given his fifth star in order to deal with the vainglorious field commander on an equal footing. 
  26. ↑ "Organizing for National Security: The Role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". Institute for Foreign Analysis. January 1986. m/s. 11. https://books.google.com/books?ei=dlFjTeSbOYK8lQfVh7SvDA&ct=result&id=HgoJAQAAMAAJ&dq=Chairman+of+the+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff+five-star+rank&q=%22five+star%22#search_anchor. Diperolehi February 21, 2011. "There was some discussion of the proposal to grant the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs five-star rank, as a symbol of his status as the most senior officer in the armed forces."
  27. ↑ Jones, Logan (February 2000). "Toward the Valued Idea of Jointness: The Need for Unity of Command in U.S. Armed Forces" (PDF). Naval War College: 2. ADA378445. Dicapai February 21, 2011. Ringkasan laya. Promoting the Chairman to the five-star rank and ceding to him operational and administrative control of all U.S. Armed Forces would enable him to provide a unifying vision... 
  28. ↑ Owsley, Robert Clark (June 1997). "Goldwater-Nichols Almost Got It Right: A Fifth Star for the Chairman" (PDF). Naval War College: 14. ADA328220. Dicapai February 21, 2011. Ringkasan laya. ...Chairman's title be changed to Commander of the Armed Forces and commensurate with the title and authority he be assigned the grade of five stars. 
  29. ↑ Italia, Bob (1991). Armed Forces: War in the Gulf. Abdo & Daughters. m/s. 44–46. ISBN 978-1-56239-026-6. Dicapai February 21, 2011. Others want to make him a five-star general. [...] Congress is talking about giving him a fifth silver star, which is very rare. 
  30. ↑ Hamilton, Nigel (2007). Bill Clinton: Mastering the Presidency. PublicAffairs. m/s. 190, 399. ISBN 978-1-58648-516-0. Dicapai February 21, 2011. Moreover, for the very reason he admired Colin Powell as the most distinguished living black American, Clinton also feared the general as a potential rival. [...] Bill Clinton had denied Powell his rightful fifth star... 
  31. ↑ Halberstam, David (2001). War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals. Scribner. m/s. 190. ISBN 978-0-7432-0212-1. Dicapai February 22, 2011. They checked it out and found that the last general to get a fifth star was Omar Bradley forty-three years earlier. Powell, they decided, was not Bradley. Besides, as George Stephanopoulos noted, if they gave him one more star, it might help him one day politically. 
  32. ↑ Evans, David (28 March 1991). "No More Stars,Sir WAR IN THE GULF". Baltimore Sun. Dicapai 6 September 2014. Dazzled by America's blitzkrieg victory over Iraq, Sen. Bob Kasten, R-Wis., has put forth a resolution that the architects of this triumph, Gens. Colin L. Powell and H. Norman Schwarzkopf, be promoted to five-star rank. 
    "S.J.RES.85". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. 5 March 1991. Dicapai 23 August 2016. 
    "H.R.1052". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. 28 February 1991. Dicapai 23 August 2016. 
    Brown, Warren; Wagner, Heather Lehr (1 January 2009). Colin Powell: Soldier and Statesman. Infobase Publishing. m/s. 78. ISBN 9781438100753. Dicapai 6 September 2014. The speedy, complete, and relatively bloodless victory for the allies-less than 200 Americans were killed in the Persian Gulf War-turned Powell, Schwarzkopf, and the rest of the U.S. military into national heroes. Congressmen proposed to promote the two men to rank of General of the Army, which would make them the first generals to wear five stars since Omar N. Bradley was accorded that honor in 1950. 
  33. ↑ Stringer, Kevin D. (2007). "A Supreme Commander for the War on Terror" (PDF). JFQ. National Defense University Press (44): 23. Diarkibkan daripada asal (PDF) pada February 22, 2011. Dicapai February 21, 2011. The development of a four- or even five- star commander with staff to run the war on terror...  Parameter |url-status= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  34. ↑ Hegseth, Pete; Wade Zirkle (January 13, 2011). "A Fifth Star for David Petraeus". Wall Street Journal. News Corporation. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada February 22, 2011. Dicapai February 22, 2011.  Parameter |url-status= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)
  35. ↑ D.B. Grady (7 July 2010). "Give Petraeus 5 Stars". The Atlantic. Dicapai 27 August 2012. 

Rujukan

WikiPedia: Jeneral_Tentera_Darat http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/armyor... http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-28/news/1... http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=85... http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-75/pdf/STATUT... http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-90/pdf/STATUT... http://www.history.army.mil/faq/faq-5star.htm http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/5star.html http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r600_20.pdf http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA328220 http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378445