↑ "Cholera's seven pandemics". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 2, 2008. Dicapai pada 2008-12-11. The first known pandemic of cholera originated in the Ganges River delta in India. The disease broke out near Calcutta and spread through the rest of the country. By the early 1820s, colonization and trade had carried the disease to Southeast Asia, central Asia, the Middle East, eastern Africa, and the Mediterranean coast. The death toll from this outbreak is not known, but based on the 10,000 recorded deaths among British troops, researchers estimate that hundreds of thousands across India succumbed to the disease. In 1820, 100,000 people died on the Indonesian island of Java alone. By 1823, cholera had disappeared from most of the world, except around the Bay of Bengal.
↑ Dhiman Barua, William B. Greenough III, Cholera. p. 6
↑ Susan R. Holman, Beholden: Religion, Global Health, and Human Rights. p. 37
