Rujukan Penyakit serebrovaskular

  1. 1 2 "Stroke symptoms and diagnosis". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-12.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Cerebrovascular disease – Introduction – NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01.
  3. 1 2 Serena-Leal, Joaquín; Ustrell-Roig, Xavier (July 2007). "Stroke. Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Cerebrovascular Disease | Revista Española de Cardiología (English Version)". 60 (7): 753–769. doi:10.1016/S1885-5857(08)60011-0. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  4. 1 2 MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Stroke
  5. ↑ "Who Is at Risk for a Stroke? – NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-11-25.
  6. ↑ Prakash, Dibya (2014-04-10). Nuclear Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals and Patients. Springer Science & Business Media. m/s. 142. ISBN 9788132218265.
  7. ↑ "AccessMedicine | Content". accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Dicapai pada 2015-11-05.
  8. ↑ "AccessMedicine | Content". accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-03-04. Dicapai pada 2015-11-05.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sabiston textbook of surgery : the biological basis of modern surgical practice. Townsend, Courtney M., Jr.; Beauchamp, R. Daniel; Evers, B. Mark; Mattox, Kenneth L. (ed. 20th). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2017. m/s. 1900–1937. ISBN 978-0323299879. OCLC 951748294.CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ↑ Salmela, Michael B; Mortazavi, Shabnam; Jagadeesan, Bharathi D; Broderick, Daniel F; Burns, Judah; Deshmukh, Tejaswini K; Harvey, H. Benjamin; Hoang, Jenny; Hunt, Christopher H (2017). "ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Cerebrovascular Disease". Journal of the American College of Radiology. 14 (5): S34–S61. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.051. PMID 28473091.
  11. ↑ Kuźma, Elżbieta; Lourida, Ilianna; Moore, Sarah F.; Levine, Deborah A.; Ukoumunne, Obioha C.; Llewellyn, David J. (2018). "Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Alzheimer's & Dementia (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14 (11): 1416–1426. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3061. ISSN 1552-5260. PMC 6231970. PMID 30177276.
  12. ↑ "Vascular dementia - Causes - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Portegies, M.L.P; Koudstaal, P.J; Ikram, M.A (2016). "Cerebrovascular disease". Neuroepidemiology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 138. m/s. 239–261. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802973-2.00014-8. ISBN 9780128029732. PMID 27637962.
  14. ↑ "Acute ischemic stroke syndromes". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-05.
  15. ↑ "Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disorders". childrensnational.org. Dicapai pada 2017-12-07.
  16. ↑ "the definition of congenital". Dictionary.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-12.
  17. ↑ Kim, H; Al-Shahi Salman, R; McCulloch, C. E; Stapf, C; Young, W. L (2014). "Untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: Patient-level meta-analysis of hemorrhage predictors". Neurology. 83 (7): 590–597. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000688. PMC 4141996. PMID 25015366.
  18. 1 2 3 "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-07.
  19. 1 2 Joutel, Anne; Corpechot, Christophe; Ducros, Anne; Vahedi, Katayoun; Chabriat, Hugues; Mouton, Philippe; Alamowitch, Sonia; Domenga, Valérie; Cécillion, Michaelle (1996). "Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia". Nature. 383 (6602): 707–710. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..707J. doi:10.1038/383707a0. PMID 8878478.
  20. ↑ "Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-09.
  21. ↑ "AANS | Cerebrovascular Disease". www.aans.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-11.
  22. ↑ "Cerebrovascular disease – NHS Choices – Risks and prevention". www.nhs.uk. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01.
  23. ↑ Mitsios, John Peter; Ekinci, Elif Ilhan; Mitsios, Gregory Peter; Churilov, Leonid; Thijs, Vincent (2018). "Relationship Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis". Journal of the American Heart Association. 7 (11): e007858. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007858. PMC 6015363. PMID 29773578.
  24. ↑ Alloubani, Aladeen; Saleh, Abdulmoneam; Abdelhafiz, Ibrahim (2018). "Hypertension and diabetes mellitus as a predictive risk factors for stroke". Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 12 (4): 577–584. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.009. PMID 29571978. S2CID 4231800.
  25. ↑ Kernan, W. N; Ovbiagele, B; Black, H. R; Bravata, D. M; Chimowitz, M. I; Ezekowitz, M. D; Fang, M. C; Fisher, M; Furie, K. L (2014). "Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association". Stroke. 45 (7): 2160–2236. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000024. PMID 24788967.
  26. ↑ Litchfield, W. R; Anderson, B. F; Weiss, R. J; Lifton, R. P; Dluhy, R. G (1998). "Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism". Hypertension. 31 (1 Pt 2): 445–50. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.31.1.445. PMID 9453343.
  27. ↑ Pepin, Melanie; Schwarze, Ulrike; Superti-Furga, Andrea; Byers, Peter H (2000). "Clinical and Genetic Features of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Type IV, the Vascular Type". New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (10): 673–680. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.603.1293. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003093421001. PMID 10706896.
  28. ↑ Vlak, Monique HM; Algra, Ale; Brandenburg, Raya; Rinkel, Gabriël JE (2011). "Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with emphasis on sex, age, comorbidity, country, and time period: A systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Neurology. 10 (7): 626–636. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70109-0. PMID 21641282.
  29. ↑ Thompson, B. Gregory; Brown, Robert D; Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh; Broderick, Joseph P; Cockroft, Kevin M; Connolly, E. Sander; Duckwiler, Gary R; Harris, Catherine C; Howard, Virginia J (2015). "Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms". Stroke. 46 (8): 2368–2400. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000070. PMID 26089327.
  30. ↑ Debette, Stéphanie (2014). "Pathophysiology and risk factors of cervical artery dissection". Current Opinion in Neurology. 27 (1): 20–28. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000056. PMID 24300790.
  31. ↑ "Spontaneous cerebral and cervical artery dissection: Clinical features and diagnosis". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-09.
  32. ↑ "the definition of idiopathic". Dictionary.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-12.
  33. ↑ "Cerebral Ischemia | Columbia Neurosurgery". www.columbianeurosurgery.org. Dicapai pada 2015-11-05.
  34. ↑ "Stroke: Hope Through Research". www.ninds.nih.gov. Dicapai pada 2015-11-05.
  35. ↑ Wang, Hai-Rong; Chen, Miao; Wang, Fei-Long; Dai, Li-hua; Fei, Ai-hua; Liu, Jia-fu; Li, Hao-jun; Shen, Sa; Liu, Ming (2015). "Comparison of Therapeutic Effect of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator by Treatment Time after Onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke". Scientific Reports. 5: 11743. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511743W. doi:10.1038/srep11743. PMC 4513278. PMID 26206308.
  36. ↑ "Neurological disorders: public health challenges" (PDF). 2006. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  37. ↑ "adenosine triphosphate | coenzyme". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-12.
  38. ↑ Xing, Changhong; Arai, Ken; Lo, Eng H; Hommel, Marc (2012). "Pathophysiologic Cascades in Ischemic Stroke". International Journal of Stroke. 7 (5): 378–385. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00839.x. PMC 3985770. PMID 22712739.
  39. ↑ "Clinical diagnosis of stroke subtypes". www.uptodate.com. Dicapai pada 2017-12-12.
  40. ↑ Cipolla, Marilyn J. (2009-01-01). "Anatomy and Ultrastructure". Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  41. ↑ Ischemic Stroke di EMedicine
  42. 1 2 R., Caplan, Louis (2009). Caplan's stroke : a clinical approach (ed. 4th). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781416047216. OCLC 460932706.
  43. ↑ "Stroke". MedlinePlus. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01.
  44. ↑ Stroke Imaging di EMedicine
  45. ↑ Sacco, R. L; Kasner, S. E; Broderick, J. P; Caplan, L. R; Connors, J. J; Culebras, A; Elkind, M. S. V; George, M. G; Hamdan, A. D (2013). "An Updated Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association". Stroke. 44 (7): 2064–2089. doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca. PMID 23652265.
  46. ↑ Easton, J. Donald; Saver, Jeffrey L.; Albers, Gregory W.; Alberts, Mark J.; Chaturvedi, Seemant; Feldmann, Edward; Hatsukami, Thomas S.; Higashida, Randall T.; Johnston, S. Claiborne (2009). "Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists". Stroke. 40 (6): 2276–2293. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.192218. ISSN 1524-4628. PMID 19423857.
  47. ↑ Van Gijn, Jan; Kerr, Richard S; Rinkel, Gabriel JE (2007). "Subarachnoid haemorrhage". The Lancet. 369 (9558): 306–318. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60153-6. PMID 17258671.
  48. ↑ Xi, Guohua; Keep, Richard F; Hoff, Julian T (2006). "Mechanisms of brain injury after intracerebral haemorrhage". The Lancet Neurology. 5 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70283-0. PMID 16361023.
  49. ↑ Meretoja, A; Strbian, D; Putaala, J; Curtze, S; Haapaniemi, E; Mustanoja, S; Sairanen, T; Satopaa, J; Silvennoinen, H (2012). "SMASH-U: A Proposal for Etiologic Classification of Intracerebral Hemorrhage". Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–2597. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
  50. ↑ Bonanno, Fabriziogiuseppe (2011). "Clinical pathology of the shock syndromes". Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock. 4 (2): 233–43. doi:10.4103/0974-2700.82211. PMC 3132364. PMID 21769211.
  51. ↑ Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and (2018-11-03). "Postmarket Drug and Biologic Safety Evaluations Completed from July 2016 – September 2016". FDA (dalam bahasa Inggeris).
  52. ↑ Shah, Bhupendra; Bartaula, Bijay; Adhikari, Janak; Neupane, Harishankar; Shah, Birendraprasad; Poudel, Gunaraj (2017). "Predictors of in-hospital mortality of acute ischemic stroke in adult population". Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 8 (4): 591–594. doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_265_17. PMC 5709883. PMID 29204020.
  53. ↑ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Dicapai pada Nov 11, 2009.
  54. ↑ Ward, Helen; Toledano, Mireille B.; Shaddick, Gavin; Davies, Bethan; Elliott, Paul (2012-05-24). Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians. OUP Oxford. m/s. 310. ISBN 9780191654787.
  55. ↑ "FastStats". www.cdc.gov. Dicapai pada 2015-09-01.
  56. ↑ BORHANI NO (1965). "Changes and Geographic Distribution of Mortality from Cerebrovascular Disease". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 55 (5): 673–81. doi:10.2105/AJPH.55.5.673. PMC 1256296. PMID 14287837.

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