Rujukan Perdagangan_rentas_Sahara

Nota

  1. ↑ Shillington, Kevin (1989, 1995). History of Africa, Second Edition. St. Martin's Press, New York. Page 32.
  2. ↑ Braudel, Fernand (1984). The Perspective of the World. (Vol III of Civilization and Capitalism). (Published in French in 1979).
  3. ↑ David Rouge, Saharan salt caravans ply ancient route, Reuters, 21 February, 2007
  4. ↑ An African Pilgrim-King and a World-Traveler: Mansa Musa and Ibn Battuta
  5. ↑ Shaw, Ian (2002). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. m/s. 61. ISBN 0-500-05074-0. 
  6. ↑ Barbara G. Aston, James A. Harrell, Ian Shaw (2000). Paul T. Nicholson and Ian Shaw editors. "Stone," in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge, 5-77, pp. 46-47. Also note: Barbara G. Aston (1994). "Ancient Egyptian Stone Vessels," Studien zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altägyptens 5, Heidelberg, pp. 23-26. (See on-line posts: and .)
  7. 1 2 3 Please refer to Wadi Hammamat#Trade route.
  8. ↑ Please refer to Wadi Hammamat#Carvings.
  9. ↑ Please refer to Wadi Hammamat#Quarries and Wadi Hammamat#Common era.
  10. ↑ Jobbins, Jenny. "The 40 days' nightmare," in Al-Ahram, 13-19 November 2003, Issue No. 664. Published in Cairo, Egypt.
  11. ↑ Please refer to Kharga Oasis.
  12. ↑ Smith, Dr. Stuart Tyson. Nubia: History, University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, <http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/stsmith/research/nubia_history.html>. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins, Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster, Markus Wiener Publishers: Princeton, 2006, ISBN 1-55876-405-4, pp. 6-7.
  14. ↑ Shillington (1995). Page 46.
  15. ↑ Daniels, Charles (1970). The Garamantes of Southern Libya. Oleander, North Harrow, Middlesex. Page 22.
  16. 1 2 Masonen, P: "Trans-Saharan Trade and the West African Discovery of the Mediterranean World."
  17. ↑ Lewicki, T. (1994). "The Role of the Sahara and Saharians in Relationships between North and South". In UNESCO General History of Africa: Volume 3. University of California Press, ISBN 92-3-601709-6.
  18. ↑ Ibn Battuta's Trip: Part Twelve - Journey to West Africa (1351 - 1353)
  19. ↑ Fage, J.D. A History of Africa. Routledge, 4th edition, 2001. pg. 256
  20. ↑ The impact of the slave trade on Africa
  21. ↑ National Geographic (2001). Africa, Episode 2, "Desert Odyssey" (TV/Video). This episode follows a Tuareg tribe across the Sahara for six months by camel.

Rujukan

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