Nota Revolusi_Pertanian_Islam

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Andrew M. Watson (1974), "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700–1100", The Journal of Economic History 34 (1), m/s. 8–35.
  2. ↑ A. M. Watson (1981), "A Medieval Green Revolution: New Crops and Farming Techniques in the Early Islamic World", in The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900: Studies in Economic and Social History
  3. 1 2
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zohor Idrisi (2005), The Muslim Agricultural Revolution and its influence on Europe, FSTC
  5. ↑ The Globalisation of Crops, FSTC
  6. ↑ Andrew M. Watson (1983), Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24711-X.
  7. 1 2 John M. Hobson (2004), The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, p. 29-30, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-54724-5.
  8. ↑ Subhi Y. Labib (1969), "Capitalism in Medieval Islam", The Journal of Economic History 29 (1), p. 79-96.
  9. ↑ S. A. H. Ahsani (July 1984). "Muslims in Latin America: a survey", Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 5 (2), p. 454-463.
  10. ↑
  11. 1 2 3 Al-Hassani, Woodcock and Saoud (2007), Muslim heritage in Our World, FSTC publishing, 2nd Edition, pp. 102–23.
  12. ↑ Maya Shatzmiller, p. 263.
  13. ↑ Life expectancy (sociology)
  14. ↑ University of Wyoming
  15. ↑ Conrad, Lawrence I. (2006), The Western Medical Tradition, Cambridge University Press, m/s. 137, ISBN 0-521-47564-3 
  16. ↑ Bulliet, Richard W. (1983), "The Age Structure of Medieval Islamic Education", Studia Islamica, 57: 105–117 [111], doi:10.2307/1595484 
  17. ↑ Shatzmiller, Maya (1994), Labour in the Medieval Islamic World, Brill Publishers, m/s. 66, ISBN 90-04-09896-8 
  18. ↑ Bulliet, Richard W. (April 1970), "A Quantitative Approach to Medieval Muslim Biographical Dictionaries", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Brill Publishers, 13 (2): 195–211 [200] 
  19. ↑ Ahmad, Ahmad Atif (2007), "Authority, Conflict, and the Transmission of Diversity in Medieval Islamic Law by R. Kevin Jaques", Journal of Islamic Studies, 18=issue=2: 246–248 [246], doi:10.1093/jis/etm005 
  20. ↑ Andrew J. Coulson, Delivering Education (PDF), Hoover Institution, m/s. 117, dicapai 2008-11-22 
  21. ↑
  22. ↑ Elias H. Tuma (1987), "Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700–1100 by Andrew M. Watson", The Journal of Economic History 47 (2), pp. 543–4.
  23. ↑ J. H. Galloway (1977), "The Mediterranean Sugar Industry", Geographical Review 67 (2), pp. 177–94.
  24. ↑ Huff, Toby (2003), The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, Cambridge University Press, m/s. 218, ISBN 0-521-52994-8 
  25. ↑ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 813  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  26. ↑ Toufic Fahd (1996), "Botany and agriculture", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Vol. 3, pp. 813–52 [849]. Routledge, London and New York.
  27. ↑ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 841  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  28. ↑ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 842  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  29. ↑ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 842  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  30. ↑ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 848–9  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  31. 1 2 3 Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", m/s. 815  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), in (Morelon & Rashed 1996, pp. 813-52)
  32. 1 2 Russell McNeil, Ibn al-Baitar, Malaspina University-College.
  33. 1 2 Diane Boulanger (2002), "The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology", OISE Papers, in STSE Education, Vol. 3.
  34. ↑ Plinio Prioreschi, "Al-Kindi, A Precursor Of The Scientific Revolution", Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 2002 (2): 17-19.
  35. ↑ Akbar S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60, p. 9-10.
  36. ↑ H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal 1.
  37. ↑ Abdus Salam (1984), "Islam and Science". In C. H. Lai (1987), Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam, 2nd ed., World Scientific, Singapore, p. 179-213.
  38. ↑ Templat:MacTutor
  39. 1 2 S. Nomanul Haq, "Islam", in Dale Jamieson (2001), A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, pp. 111-129, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 1-4051-0659-X.
  40. ↑ Sahih Bukhari 3:513
  41. ↑ S. Nomanul Haq, "Islam", in Dale Jamieson (2001), A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, pp. 111-129 [111-119], Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 1-4051-0659-X.
  42. ↑ [Quran 6:38]
  43. ↑ L. Gari (2002), "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century", Environment and History 8 (4), pp. 475-488.
  44. ↑ S. P. Scott (1904), History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, 3 vols, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and London.
    F. B. Artz (1980), The Mind of the Middle Ages, Third edition revised, University of Chicago Press, pp 148-50.
    (cf. References, 1001 Inventions)
  45. ↑ John William Draper (1878). History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science, p. 154-155, 237. ISBN 1-60303-096-4.
  46. ↑ Conway Zirkle (1941). Natural Selection before the "Origin of Species", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 84 (1), p. 71-123.
  47. ↑ Mehmet Bayrakdar (Third Quarter, 1983). "Al-Jahiz And the Rise of Biological Evolutionism", The Islamic Quarterly. London.
  48. ↑ Frank N. Egerton, "A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 6: Arabic Language Science - Origins and Zoological", Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, April 2002: 142-146 [143]
  49. ↑ Lawrence I. Conrad (1982), "Taun and Waba: Conceptions of Plague and Pestilence in Early Islam", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 25 (3), pp. 268-307 [278].
  50. ↑ Muhammad Hamidullah and Afzal Iqbal (1993), The Emergence of Islam: Lectures on the Development of Islamic World-view, Intellectual Tradition and Polity, p. 143-144. Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad.

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