Pada tahun 1982, beliau telah dilantik ke jawatan penyelidik di Jabatan Komunikasi Antarabangsa Kementerian Penerangan di Arab Saudi .

Pada tahun 1984, beliau berkhidmat sebagai Penolong Pengarah Jawatankuasa Penerangan Olimpik pada Olympics di Los Angeles, California. Akhir tahun berkenaan, apabila Jabatan Pengiklanan telah ditubuhkan di dalam Kementerian Penerangan, beliau telah dilantik menjadi pemangku Pengarah.

Pada tahun 1985, he telah terbang sebagai pakar muatan di dalam STS-51-G Discovery (Jun 17-24 , 1985). Sebagai salah seorang daripada tujuh anak kapal antarabangsa, termasuklah American and French astronauts, beliau mewakili Arab Satellite Communications Organization (ARABSAT) in deploying their satellite, ARABSAT-1B. Upon conclusion of his flight, he helped to found the Association of Space Explorers, an international organization comprising all astronauts and cosmonauts who have been in space, and served on its Board of Directors for several years.

Pada tahun 1985, Sultan telah merakamkan satu mesej komersial yang telah disiarkan di MTV semasa konsert Live Aid. His message mentioned his recent trip on the Space Shuttle and was one of 33 such by notable individuals including Caesar Chavez, Coretta Scott King, Carl Sagan, Jessie Jackson and Peter Ueberroth.

Pada tahun 1985 he was commissioned as an officer into the Royal Saudi Air Force. He holds the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and is qualified in several military and civilian aircraft.

Pada tahun 1986, Sultan telah membeli ladang Al-'Udhaibat yang lama di Wadi Hanifa, Riyadh barat. On the advice of Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil, who introduced him to the works of Hassan Fathy, he began a project of restoring the main farm building built in the traditional way with adobe walls. Under the direction of the Egyptian architect Saleh Lamei the project grew to a general study of traditional Saudi architecture and its adaption to modern techniques and needs. This spurred Sultan's involvement with the education of architects and civil engineers within the kingdom.[2]

Pada tahun 1989 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 1992, beliau telah dipilih ke jawatan Pengerusi Arab Saudi Benevolent Association for Handicapped Children, yang mana beliau berkhidmat sebagai Pengerusi Dana bagi Pusat Penyelidikan Sultan Salman bagi Orang Kurang Upaya.

Pada tahun 1991, beliau telah menerima satu pelawaan daripada accepted an invitation from the Board of Directors of the Saudi Computer Society to become Honorary Chairman, and in 1993 due to his special interest in architecture he agreed to serve as Honorary President of the al-Umran Saudi Association (a society of specialists in the fields of the built environment).

Sultan telah menjadi Setiausaha Agong Supreme Commission for Tourism & Antiquities (SCTA) pada tahun 2000. Tempoh perkhidmatannya telah dipanjangkan empat tahun lagi di dalam bulan Februari 2008.[3],[4]

He enjoys gliding[5] and skiing in his spare time[petikan diperlukan].