↑ Collette B and 8 others (2011). "Thunnus maccoyii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."
