Ortografi Bahasa

Ortografi Bahasa_Wales

Bahasa ini mempunyai abjad tersendiri yang digunakan untuk menulis dan mewakilkan bunyi-bunyi khas ia:

Huruf	Nama	Bunyi fonetik	Padanan terhampi (sama ada dalam bahasa Melayu baku atau bahasa lain)
a	a	/a, aː/	lawa
b	bi	/b/	bayi
c	ec	/k/	kaki
ch	èch	/χ/	khamis - juga huruf kha (خ) dalam abjad Arab
d[* 1]	di	/d/	dadih
dd	èdd	/ð/	these - juga huruf dzal (ﺫ) dalam abjad Arab
e	e	/ɛ, eː/	lewat (é)
f	èf	/v/	video
ff	èff	/f/	fikir
g	èg	/ɡ/	gigi
ng	èng	/ŋ/	sotong, nganga
h[* 2]	aets	/h/	hati
i	i, i dot (S)	/ɪ, iː, j/	isi / ya (sebelum huruf vokal)
j	je	/d͡ʒ/	jala
l	el	/l/	lidi
ll	èll	/ɬ/	Tiada dalam banyak bahasa Eropah atau bahasa Asia - paling dekat ialah "hl"
m	em	/m/	mulut
n	en	/n/	nasi
o	o	/ɔ, oː/	"bog", dalam sebutan baku bahasa Inggeris British
p	pi	/p/	pai
ph	ffi	/f/	fikir
r	er	/r/	ralat
rh	rhi	/r̥/	Dalam bahasa Inggeris: pray, [r] tidak bersuara
s[* 1]	ès	/s/	susu
t[* 1]	ti	/t/	tong
th	èth	/θ/	Dalam bahasa Inggeris: thin, juga huruf tha (ث) dalam abjad Arab
u	u (N), u bedol (S)	/ɨ̞, ɨː/ (N),[* 3] /ɪ, iː/ (S)	Dialek selatan: bit atau machine dalam bahasa Inggeris; Dialek utara: roses. dalam bahasa Inggeris
w	w	/ʊ, uː, w/	buku / wayang (konsonan sebelum huruf vokal)
y[* 4]	ỳ	/ɨ̞, ɨː, ə/ (N),[* 3] /ɪ, iː, ə, əː/ (S)	berat (ĕ)

Nota

1 2 3 The sequence si indicates /ʃ/ when followed by a vowel; similarly, di and ti sometimes indicate /dʒ/ and /tʃ/ respectively when followed by a vowel, although these sounds are spelled j and ts in loanwords like jẁg "jug" and wats "watch".
↑ In addition to representing the phoneme /h/, h indicates voicelessness in the graphemes mh, nh, ngh and rh. The digraph ph – which indicates the aspirate mutation of p (e.g. ei phen-ôl) – may also be found very occasionally in words derived from Greek (e.g. phenol), although most words of Greek origin are spelt with ff (e.g. ffotograff).
1 2 In the North, the letters u and y are occasionally pronounced /ɪ, iː/, the same as in the South, rather than /ɨ̞, ɨː/. This is usually the case when the preceding vowel is /ɪ/ or when y is preceded or followed by g /g/ or followed by w /u/, forming a diphthong."Morffoleg y Gymraeg". Geiriadur yr Academi. Bangor University. Dicapai 25 July 2014.
↑ The vowel letter y indicates /ə/ in unstressed monosyllabic words (e.g. y "the", fy "my") or non-final syllables (regardless of whether these are stressed or not), but /ɨ̞, ɨː/ (N) or /ɪ, iː/ (S) in word-final syllables (again, regardless of stress).

Orthography	Northern dialects	Southern dialects	English (approximation only)
ae	/ɑːɨ̯/	/ai̯/	eye
ai	/ai̯/	/ai̯/	eye
au	/aɨ̯/	/ai̯/	eye / bet (plural ending)
aw	/au̯, ɑːu̯/	/au̯/	how
ei	/əi̯/	/əi̯/	As in eight
eu	/əɨ̯/	/əi̯/	As in eight
ew	/ɛu̯, eːu̯/	/ɛu̯/	Roughly like Edward with the d removed: E'ward
ey	/əɨ̯/	/əi̯/	As in eight
iw	/ɪu̯/	/ɪu̯/	not usually present in English except in the interjection Ew!; closest to 'i-oo' (short i). A small number of English dialects have this sound in words that have "ew" or "ue". Such words, in the majority of English dialects that distinguish ew/ue and oo, would usually have /ju/ instead. See the Phonological history of English consonant clusters article for more information.
oe	/ɔɨ̯, ɔːɨ̯/	/ɔi̯/	boy
oi	/ɔi̯/	/ɔi̯/	boy
ou	/ɔɨ̯, ɔːɨ̯/	/ɔi̯/	boy
ow	/ɔu̯/	/ɔu̯/	oh
uw	/ɨu̯/	/ɪu̯/	not present in English; closest to 'i-oo' (short i)
wy	/ʊ̯ɨ, u̯ɨ/	/ʊ̯i/	not present in English; closest to gooey
yw	/ɨu̯, əu̯/	/ɪu̯, əu̯/	/ɪu̯/ not present in English; closest to 'i-oo' (short i) /əu/ like "goat" in Received Pronunciation or like "house" in Canadian English

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