Rujukan Holokus_nuklear

  1. 1 2 Robock, Alan; Toon, Owen B (2012). "Self-assured destruction: The climate impacts of nuclear war". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 68 (5): 66-74. doi:10.1177/0096340212459127. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  2. ↑ Critique of Nuclear Extinction – Brian Martin 1982
  3. ↑ The Effects of a Global Thermonuclear War. Johnstonsarchive.net. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  4. ↑ the global health effects of nuclear war
  5. ↑ Long-term worldwide effects of multiple nuclear-weapons detonations. Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Research Council.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Helfand, Ira. "Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk?" (PDF). International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  7. ↑ American Heritage Dictionary definition of "holocaust"
  8. ↑ Reginald Glossop, The Orphan of Space (London: G. MacDonald, 1926), pp. 303–306.
  9. 1 2 Jon Petrie, The Secular Word "HOLOCAUST": Scholarly Sacralization, Twentieth Century Meanings
  10. ↑ For instance, U.S. President Bush stated in August 2007: "Iran's active pursuit of technology that could lead to nuclear weapons threatens to put a region already known for instability and violence under the shadow of a nuclear holocaust," McElroy, Damien; Spillius, Alex (28 August 2007). "Bush warns of Iran 'nuclear holocaust'". The Telegraph. Dicapai pada 20 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "Status of World Nuclear Forces". Federation of American Scientists. Dicapai pada 31 January 2016.
  12. ↑ Broad, William J. "U.S. Ramping Up Major Renewal in Nuclear Arms". New York Times. Dicapai pada 24 January 2016.
  13. ↑ Gray, Richard; Zolfagharifard, Ellie. "World is closest it has been to catastrophe since the Cold War: Doomsday Clock remains at just three minutes to midnight". DailyMail. Dicapai pada 29 January 2016.
  14. ↑ Allison, Graham (2012). "The Cuban Missile Crisis at 50". Foreign Affairs. 91 (4). Dicapai pada 9 July 2012.
  15. ↑ "ВЗГЛЯД / «США и Россия: кризис 1962-го»".
  16. ↑ Sandberg, Anders; Bostrom, Nick. "Global Catastrophic Risks Survey" (PDF). Future of Humanity Institute. Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University. Dicapai pada 24 January 2016.
  17. 1 2 "The fate of extinction arguments".
  18. 1 2 "The global health effects of nuclear war".
  19. ↑ Harold Willens The Trimtab factor 1984 Alternatives Vol. 16 No.4/Vol 17 No. 1 1990
  20. ↑ Stothers, Richard B. (1984). "The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath". Science. 224 (4654): 1191–1198. Bibcode:1984Sci...224.1191S. doi:10.1126/science.224.4654.1191. PMID 17819476.
  21. ↑ Oppenheimer, Clive (2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.
  22. ↑ "Supersized eruptions are all the rage!". USGS. April 28, 2005.
  23. ↑ Robock, A.; C.M. Ammann; L. Oman; D. Shindell; S. Levis; G. Stenchikov (2009). "Did the Toba volcanic eruption of ~74k BP produce widespread glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114: D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD011652.
  24. ↑ Huang, C.Y.; Zhao, M.X.; Wang, C.C.; Wei, G.J. (2001). "Cooling of the South China Sea by the Toba Eruption and correlation with other climate proxies ∼71,000 years ago". Geophysical Research Letters. 28 (20): 3915–3918. Bibcode:2001GeoRL..28.3915H. doi:10.1029/2000GL006113.
  25. 1 2 http://ocw.nd.edu/physics/nuclear-warfare/notes/lecture-18
  26. ↑ Margulis, Lynn. Symbiotic Planet: A New Look At Evolution. Houston: Basic Book 1999
  27. ↑ http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/82jpr.html Critique of Nuclear Extinction – Brian Martin 1982
  28. 1 2 3 4 Robock, A; Oman, L; Stenchikov, GL; Toon, OB; Bardeen, C; Turco, RP (2007). "Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts". Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 (8): 2003-2012. doi:10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  29. 1 2 Mills, M. J.; Toon, O. B.; Turco, R. P.; Kinnison, D. E.; Garcia, R. R. (2008). "Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (14): 5307–12. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.5307M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710058105. PMC 2291128. PMID 18391218.as PDF
  30. ↑ Toon, OB; Turco, RP; Robock, A; Bardeen, C; Oman, L; Stenchikov, GL (2007). "Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism". Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 (8): 1973-2002. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  31. ↑ Johns, Lionel S; Sharfman, Peter; Medalia, Jonathan; Vining, Robert W; Lewis, Kevin; Proctor, Gloria (1979). The Effects of Nuclear War (PDF). Library of Congress. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  32. ↑ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Nuclear winter". Encyclopædia Britannica. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  33. ↑ R. P. Turco; O. B. Toon; T. P. Ackerman; J. B. Pollack & Carl Sagan (23 December 1983). "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions". Science. 222 (4630): 1283–92. Bibcode:1983Sci...222.1283T. doi:10.1126/science.222.4630.1283. PMID 17773320.
  34. 1 2 Robock, Alan; Oman, Luke; Stenchikov, Georgiy L. (2007). "Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 112 (D13107): 14. doi:10.1029/2006JD008235. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  35. 1 2 3 Robock, A; Toon, OB (2010). "Local nuclear war, global suffering" (PDF). Scientific American. 302: 74-81. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  36. ↑ Regional Nuclear War Could Devastate Global Climate, Science Daily, December 11, 2006
  37. ↑ Harwell, M., and C. Harwell. 1986. Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War. In, Solomon, F. and R. Marston (Eds.). The Medical Implications of Nuclear War. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 117-135.
  38. ↑ Özdoğan, Mutlu; Robock, Alan; Kucharik, Christopher J. (22 June 2012). "Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on soybean and maize production in the Midwest United States". Climate Change. 116 (2): 373-387. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0518-1. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  39. ↑ Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan (2013). "Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China" (PDF). Climate Change. 116: 357–372. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0475-8. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  40. ↑ Xia, Lili; Mills, Michael; Stenke, Andrea; Helfand, Ira. "Global famine after a regional nuclear war" (PDF). Submitted to Earth's Future, 2013. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  41. ↑ Loretz, John. "Nobel Laureate Warns Two Billion at Risk from Nuclear Famine" (PDF). IPPNW. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  42. ↑ Stommel H, Stommel E. 1979. The year without a summer. Scientific American. 240:176-186
  43. ↑ Post, J. 1983. Climatic change and subsistence crises. Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 14:153-160.
  44. ↑ Hefland, Ira. "An Assessment of the Extent of Projected Global Famine Resulting From Limited, Regional Nuclear War" (PDF). Physicians for Social Responsibility. Royal Society of Medicine. Dicapai pada 13 February 2016.
  45. ↑ Kessler, Ronald. "EMP Attack Would Send America into a Dark Age". Newsmax. Dicapai pada 16 January 2016.
  46. ↑ McCormack, John. "Lights out: House plan would protect nation's electricity from solar flare, nuclear bomb". WashingtonExaminer. Dicapai pada 16 January 2016.
  47. ↑ House of CommonsDefence Committee, "Developing Threats: Electro-Magnetic Pulses (EMP)" Tenth Report of Session 2010–12.
  48. ↑ Woosley, R. James. "The Growing Threat From an EMP Attack". Wall Street Journal. Dicapai pada 16 January 2016.
  49. ↑ "Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack". Dicapai pada 16 January 2016.