Nota Kerajaan_Itali_(1861–1946)

  1. ↑ Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism, 1914-1945 (1996) p 212
  2. ↑ Dennis Mack Smith, Modern Italy; A Political History, (University of Michigan Press, 1997) p 15)
  3. ↑ Smith (1997), pp 23–24)
  4. ↑ Smith (1997), p 61
  5. ↑ (Smith (1997), pp95–96)
  6. ↑ Martin Clark, Modern Italy: 1871–1995 (1996) p. 35
  7. ↑ Clark, ms 29-33
  8. ↑ Clark, ms 35-36
  9. ↑ Roberto Sani, "State, church and school in Italy from 1861 to 1870," History of Education and Children's Literature (2011) 6#2 pp 81–114.
  10. ↑ Clark, pp. 14, 31
  11. ↑ Giovanni Federico, "Italy, 1860–1940: A Little-Known Success Story," Economic History Review (1996) 49#4 pp. 764–786 in JSTOR
  12. 1 2 Clark, Modern Italy p. 27
  13. ↑ Clark, Modern Italy pp 12–14
  14. ↑ Smith (1997), pp 12–21)
  15. ↑ Smith (1997), p 139
  16. ↑ Name="Clark_7"> Clark. Pp. 15
  17. ↑ Clark. Pp. 16
  18. ↑ Clark. Pp. 17 -18.
  19. ↑ Sejarah hak Liberal-Konservatif dikuasai 1860-1876 (tetapi juga selepas ia tidak lebih di mentadbir) oleh kepimpinan perwakilan dipilih daripada Emilia Romagna ( 1860-1864 ) dan Tuscany (1864-1876) , yang dikenali sebagai " Consorteria ", dengan sokongan daripada Lombard dan Wakil Selatan Itali . Majoriti Liberal-Konservatif Wakil piedmontese , tetapi tidak semua daripada mereka, yang dianjurkan diri mereka sebagai , semua Piedmontese dan lebih sayap kanan , minoriti Parti " Associazione Liberale Permanente " , yang kadang-kadang mengundi dengan Kiri Sejarah dan yang Wakil utama ialah Quintino Sella. Majoriti Parti juga dilemahkan oleh perbezaan yang ketara antara Liberal - konservatif ( Tuscan dan Emilian ) kepimpinan yang berkesan dan Lombard di satu pihak dan secara senyap-senyap dari Selatan konservatif dan Transigent katolik komponen di pihak yang lain . Dasar (Indro Montanelli, " Lịch d' Italia " , jumlah 32).
  20. ↑ (Smith (1997), pp132–133)
  21. ↑ (Smith (1997), p133)
  22. ↑ (Smith (1997), p128)
  23. ↑ Christopher Duggan , " hubungan Francesco Crispi dengan Britain : dari kekaguman kepada rasa putus asa ,". Moden Itali (2011) 16 # 4 pp 427-436
  24. ↑ Smith ( 1997 ), ms 132-133 .
  25. ↑ Smith (1997 ), ms 128, 133
  26. ↑ Smith (1997), ms 133-37
  27. ↑ Smith (1997), p. 139
  28. ↑ Smith (1997), pp 115. - 17)
  29. ↑ H. Ahmad Abdussamad, "Trade Relations of Northern Ethiopia with Italian Eritrea 1903–1935," Africa (1997) 52#3 pp 416–430 in JSTOR
  30. ↑ (Barclay (1997), p34)
  31. ↑ (Barclay (1973), p33–34)
  32. ↑ Raymond Anthony Jonas, The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire (2011) except and text search
  33. ↑ (Bosworth, RJB (2005) Mussolini's Italy, New Work: Allen Lane, ISBN 0-7139-9697-8, p50)
  34. ↑ (Bosworth (2005), p49)
  35. ↑ (Smith, Dennis Mack (1997) Modern Italy; A Political History, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-10895-6, p199)
  36. ↑ (Smith (1997), p209–210)
  37. ↑ (Smith (1997), p199)
  38. ↑ (Bosworth, Richard. (1983). Italy and the Approach of the First World War. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, p42)
  39. ↑ (Bosworth (1983), pp99–100)
  40. ↑ (Bosworth (1983), p101)
  41. ↑ (Bosworth (1983), p112)
  42. ↑ (Bosworth (1983), pp112–114)
  43. ↑ (Bosworth (1983), p119)
  44. ↑ (Clark, 1984. p.180)
  45. ↑ name="multiref9"
  46. ↑ (Clark, Martin. 1984. Modern Italy: 1871–1982. London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited. p.180)
  47. ↑ name="multiref9"
  48. ↑ name="multiref9"
  49. ↑ name="multiref10"
  50. ↑ (Thayer, John A. (1964). Italy and the Great War. Madison and Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press. p279)
  51. ↑ (Thayer, p272)
  52. ↑ (Thayer, p253)
  53. ↑ (Thayer, p254)
  54. ↑ (Clark, Martin. 1984. Modern Italy: 1871–1982. London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited. p.184)
  55. ↑ Seton-Watson, Christopher. 1967. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism: 1870 to 1925. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. Pp. 451
  56. ↑ (Clark, Martin. 1984. Modern Italy: 1871–1982. London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited. p.185)
  57. ↑ (Clark, Martin. 1984. Modern Italy: 1871–1982. London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited. p.185)
  58. ↑ name="Seton"
  59. ↑ name="multiref12">(Clark, 1984. p.186)
  60. ↑ name="Seton_2">Seton-Watson, Pp. 452
  61. ↑ name="Seton_2"
  62. ↑ name="multiref14">(Clark, 1984. p.187)
  63. ↑ name="multiref14"
  64. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 502
  65. ↑ name="multiref14"
  66. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 452–3
  67. ↑ name="Seton_3">Seton-Watson, Pp. 453
  68. ↑ name="Seton_3"
  69. ↑ name="Seton_3"
  70. ↑ name="Seton_3"
  71. ↑ name="Seton_3"
  72. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 456
  73. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 461–2
  74. ↑ name="Seton_4">Seton-Watson, Pp. 463
  75. ↑ name="Seton_4"
  76. ↑ Seton - Watson, Pp . 468-9
  77. ↑ name="Seton_5">Seton-Watson, Pp. 468
  78. ↑ name="Seton_5"
  79. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 469
  80. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 470
  81. ↑ name="Seton_6">Seton-Watson, Pp. 471
  82. ↑ name="Seton_6"
  83. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 486
  84. ↑ name="Seton_7">Seton-Watson, Pp. 493
  85. ↑ name="Seton_7"
  86. ↑ Seton-Watson, Pp. 495
  87. ↑ name="multiref12"
  88. ↑ Smith (1997), p293
  89. ↑ Bosworth (2005), pp112–113.
  90. ↑ Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) Clash of civilisations, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol.12, No.2, p.4
  91. ↑ Hehn, Paul N. (2005) A Low Dishonest Decade: Italy, the Powers and Eastern Europe, 1918–1939., Chapter 2, Mussolini, Prisoner of the Mediterranean
  92. ↑ Smith (1997), p284
  93. ↑ name="Smith"
  94. ↑ Clark, Martin. Modern Italy:1871–1982. London and New York: Longman Group UK Limited. p.183
  95. ↑ name="Smith"
  96. ↑ Passmore Women, Gender and Fascism, p. 11–16
  97. ↑ Smith (1997), pp284–286)
  98. ↑ name="Smith_2">Smith (1997), p298
  99. ↑ Smith (1997), p302
  100. ↑ name="Smith_2"
  101. ↑ Bosworth (2005), p112
  102. ↑ (Smith (1997), p312
  103. ↑ Smith (1997), p312
  104. ↑ Smith (1997), p315
  105. ↑ Mussolini, Benito. 1935. Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions. Rome: Ardita Publishers. p 14.
  106. ↑ Pauley, Bruce F (2003) Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century Italy, Wheeling: Harlan Davidson, Inc., p107
  107. ↑ Gentile, Emilio. The Struggle For Modernity Nationalism Futurism and Fascism (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), p87.
  108. ↑ Gentile, p81.
  109. ↑ Gentile, p146.
  110. ↑ Pauley, p108
  111. ↑ Pauley, p109
  112. ↑ name="Pauley"
  113. ↑ Smith, Italy, pp 40–443
  114. ↑ John F. Pollard, The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–32. Cambridge University Press. (1985). p 53
  115. ↑ Kenneth Scott Latourette, Christianity In a Revolutionary Age A History of Christianity in the 19th and 20th Century: Vol 4 The 20th Century In Europe (1961) pp 32–35, 153, 156, 371
  116. ↑ Eamon Duffy (2002). Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes; Second Edition. Yale University Press. m/s. 340. 
  117. ↑ Pollard, p 49
  118. ↑ Pollard, The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–32, p 61
  119. ↑ greatoceanliners.net - rex
  120. ↑ Sarti, p199.
  121. ↑ Sarti, p200.
  122. ↑ Albert S. Lindemann. Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews. Cambridge University Press, 1997. P. 466–467.
  123. ↑ William I. Brustein. Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the Holocaust. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. P. 327.
  124. ↑ Peter Neville. Mussolini. Pp. 117.
  125. ↑ Claudio G. Segrè. Italo Balbo: A Fascist Life. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1999. P. 346.
  126. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466">Albert S. Lindemann. Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews. Cambridge University Press, 1997. P. 466.
  127. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  128. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  129. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 201">Wiley Feinstein. The Civilization of the Holocaust in Italy: Poets, Artists, Saints, Anti-Semites. Rosemont Publish & Printing Corp., 2003. Pp. 201.
  130. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 201"
  131. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 201"
  132. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  133. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  134. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  135. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 202">Wiley Feinstein. The Civilization of the Holocaust in Italy: Poets, Artists, Saints, Anti-Semites. Rosemont Publish & Printing Corp., 2003. Pp. 202.
  136. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 202"
  137. ↑ Michele Sarfatti, Anne C. Tedeschi. The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution. Pp. 202.
  138. ↑ Jonathan Steinberg. All Or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941–1943. Pp. 220.
  139. ↑ name="William I. Brustein 2003. P. 327"
  140. ↑ name="Albert S. Lindemann 1997. P. 466"
  141. ↑ name="Pax Romanizing">"Pax Romanizing". TIME Magazine, 31 December 1934
  142. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 304">Wiley Feinstein. The Civilization of the Holocaust in Italy: Poets, Artists, Saints, antisemites. Rosemont Publish & Printing Corp., 2003. Pp. 304.
  143. ↑ name="Wiley Feinstein 2003. Pp. 304"
  144. ↑ name="Claudio G. Segrè 1999. P. 346"
  145. ↑ Sarti, p198.
  146. ↑ http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/italy_main.htm
  147. ↑ Pauley, pp. 117.
  148. ↑ name="Pauley_2">Pauley, pp. 117
  149. ↑ name="Pauley_2"
  150. ↑ name="Pauley_2"
  151. ↑ name="Pauley_2"
  152. ↑ name="Pauley_2"
  153. ↑ Pauley, Pp. 117
  154. ↑ name="Pauley_2"
  155. ↑ Cannistraro, Philip V. (1982) Historical Dictionary of Fascist Italy, Westport, Conn.; London : Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-21317-8. Pp. 474
  156. ↑ name="Pauley_3">Pauley, p113
  157. ↑ name="Pauley_3"
  158. ↑ name="Pauley_3"
  159. ↑ de Grazia, Victoria. The Culture of Consent: Mass Organizations of Leisure in Fascist Italy. Cambridge, 1981.
  160. ↑ Kallis, Aristotle, ed. (2003). The Fascism Reader, London: Routledge, pages 391–395.

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