Nota Parthia

  1. 1 2 Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History Of Iraq. Infobase Publishing. m/s. 46. ISBN 9780816057672. One characteristic of the Parthians that the kings themselves maintained was their nomadic urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being Ctesiphon on the Tigris River, which they built from the ancient town of Opis. 
  2. ↑ Chyet, Michael L. (1997). Afsaruddin, Asma; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias, para penyunting. Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. m/s. 284. ISBN 9781575060200. In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sassanid Empires), Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian. 
  3. ↑ Brosius, Maria (2006). The Persians. Routledge. m/s. 125. ISBN 9780203068151. The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were polytheistic. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In Babylon the city-god Marduk continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses Ishtar and Nanai, while Hatra's main god, the sun-god Shamash, was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods. 
  4. ↑ Sheldon 2010, halaman 231
  5. ↑ Parthia diambil daripada bahasa Latin Parthia, dimana ia diambil daripada bahasa Parsi Lama Parthava-, sebuah sebutan dialek yang merujuk kepada Parsa- yang bermaksud Parsi.
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