↑ Le Pichon, Alain (2006). China Trade and Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 0-19-726337-2.
1 2 Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.
1 2 Tsang, Steve (2007). A Modern History of Hong Kong. I.B.Tauris. p. 3-13, 29. ISBN 1-84511-419-1.
↑ Stockwell, Foster (2003). Westerners in China: A History of Exploration and Trade, Ancient Times Through the Present. McFarland. p. 74. ISBN 0-7864-1404-9.
↑ Janin, Hunt (1999). The India-China Opium Trade in the Nineteenth Century. McFarland. p. 207. ISBN 0-7864-0715-8.
