Rujukan Spartacus

  1. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars 1.116
  2. ↑ Florus, Epitome of Roman History 2.8
  3. ↑ The Histories, Sallust, Patrick McGushin, Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-872143-9, p. 112.
  4. ↑ Annuaire de l'Université de Sofia, Faculté d'histoire, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1985, p. 122.
  5. ↑ The Spartacus war, Barry S. Strauss, Simon and Schuster, 2009, ISBN 1-4165-3205-6, p.31.
  6. ↑ The Cambridge Ancient History: part 1. The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C, Cambridge University Press, 1982, hal. 601.
  7. ↑ The Assyrian and Babylonian empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., Volume 3, John Boardman, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, hal. 601.
  8. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Plutarch, Crassus, 8:2. Note: Spartacus's status as an auxilia is taken from the Loeb edition of Appian translated by Horace White, which states “…who had once served as a soldier with the Romans…”. However, the translation by John Carter in the Penguin Classics version reads: “…who had once fought against the Romans and after being taken prisoner and sold…”.
  9. ↑ However, according to Cicero (Ad Atticum VI, ii, 8) at the beginning his followers were much less than 50.
  10. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 8:1–2; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Livy, Periochae, 95:2; Florus, Epitome, 2.8. Plutarch claims 78 escaped, Livy claims 74, Appian “about seventy”, and Florus says “thirty or rather more men”. “Choppers and spits” is from Life of Crassus.
  11. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:1.
  12. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
  13. ↑ 'Plutarchwe46', Crassus, 9:1–3; Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, p. 109.
  14. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:4–5; Livy, Periochae , 95; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Sallust, Histories, 3:64–67.
  15. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:3; Appian, Civil War, 1:116.
  16. ↑ Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22 and Book VII:6.
  17. ↑ Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
  18. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116–117; Plutarch, Crassus 9:6; Sallust, Histories, 3:64–67.
  19. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117; Plutarch, Crassus 9:7; Livy, Periochae 96.
  20. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117.
  21. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:7.
  22. ↑ Spartacus and the Slave Rebellion
  23. ↑ Shaw, Brent D. (2001). Spartacus and the slave wars: a brief history with documents. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0312237030. 
  24. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus 10:1.
  25. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:118; Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, "Exercitus", hal. 494.
  26. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:118.
  27. 1 2 Plutarch, Crassus, 10:1–3.
  28. ↑ Florus, Epitome, 2.8; Cicero, Orations, "For Quintius, Sextus Roscius...", 5.2
  29. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 10:4–5.
  30. ↑ Contrast Plutarch, Crassus, 11:2 with Appian, Civil Wars, 1:119.
  31. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120.
  32. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Plutarch, Crassus, 10:6.
  33. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 11:3; Livy, Periochae, 97:1. Bradley, Slavery and Rebellion. hal. 97; Plutarch, Crassus, 11:4.
  34. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 11:5;.
  35. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Plutarch, Crassus, 11:6–7; Livy, Periochae, 97.1.
  36. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
  37. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1.120.
  38. 1 2 Plutarch Crassus, 9:5–6.
  39. ↑ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
  40. ↑ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:7; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117.

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