Berger, Maurits S. (2014). "Fatwa". Daripada Emad El-Din Shahin (penyunting.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press.
Berkey, Jonathan (2004). "Education". In Richard C. Martin (ed.). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0028662695.
Dallal, Ahmad S.; Hendrickson, Jocelyn (2009). "Fatwā. Modern usage". Daripada John L. Esposito (peny.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hallaq, Wael B. (2010). "Islamic Law: History and Transformation". Daripada Robert Irwin (peny.). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Jilid 4: Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052183824X
Hendrickson, Jocelyn (2013). "Fatwa". Daripada Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone (peny.). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691134847.
Masud, Muhammad Khalid; Kéchichian, Joseph A. (2009). "Fatwā. Concepts of Fatwā". Daripada John L. Esposito (peny.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Messick, Brinkley; Kéchichian, Joseph A. (2009). "Fatwā. Process and Function". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Messick, Brinkley (2017). "Fatwā, modern". Daripada Kate Fleet; Gudrun Krämer; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (eds. ke-3). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27049
Powers, David S. (2017). "Fatwā, premodern". Daripada Kate Fleet; Gudrun Krämer; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (peny.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (eds. ke-3). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27048
Tyan, E.; Walsh, J.R. (2012). "Fatwā". Daripada P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (peny.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (eds. ke-2). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0219.
