Rujukan Tisfun

  1. ↑ Kröger, Jens. "Ctesiphon". Encyclopædia Iranica. Dicapai 12 December 2016. 
  2. ↑ "Ctesiphon: An Ancient Royal Capital in Context". Smithsonian. September 15, 2018. Dicapai 2018-09-21. 
  3. ↑ "Largest Cities Through History". geography.about.com. Dicapai 25 November 2015. 
  4. ↑ Eventually no less than four Sasanian rulers were quoted as its builders: Shapur I (241–273), Shapur II (310–379), Chosroes I Anushirvan (531–579) and Chosroes II Parvez (590–628). Kurz, Otto (1941). "The Date of the Ṭāq i Kisrā". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. (New Series). 73: 37–41. JSTOR 25221709. 
  5. ↑ E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936, Jil. 2 (Brill, 1987: ISBN 90-04-08265-4), h. 75.
  6. ↑ Kröger, Jens (1993), "Ctesiphon", Encyclopedia Iranica, 6, Costa Mesa: Mazda, diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2009-01-16 
  7. ↑ Uzair 8:17
  8. ↑ Talmud Bavli Tractate Gittin. m/s. 6A. 
  9. ↑ Farrokh, K. (2007). "The rise of Ctesiphon and the Silk Route". Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War. h. 240.
  10. ↑ "LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book XVI Chapter 1, 16". penelope.uchicago.edu. Dicapai 25 November 2015.  Diarkibkan pada 21 Oktober 2019 di web.archive.org.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Morony 2009.
  12. ↑ Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 (dalam bahasa Inggeris). BRILL. m/s. 76a. ISBN 9789004097919. 
  13. ↑ Farrokh, K. (2007). The rise of Ctesiphon and the Silk Route. In Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War (h. 185).
  14. ↑ Dingas, Winter 2007, h. 109
  15. ↑ Frye 1993, h. 259
  16. ↑ Christensen (1993). The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-259-5. 
  17. 1 2 Shapur Shahbazi 2005.
  18. ↑ Reade, Dr Julian (1999). Scarre, Chris, ed. The Seventy Wonders of the Ancient world The Great Monuments and How they were Built. Thames & Hudson. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-500-05096-1.
  19. ↑ Bier, L. (1993). The Sassanian Palaces and their Influence in Early Islam. Ars Orientalis, 23, 62-62.
  20. ↑ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1895). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. m/s. 40. 
  21. ↑ John van Schaik, Ketters. Een geschiedenis van de Kerk, Leuven, 2016.
  22. ↑ Schippmann, K. (1980). "Ktesiphon-Expedition im Winter 1928/29". Grundzüge der parthischen Geschichte (dalam bahasa Jerman). Darmstadt. ISBN 3-534-07064-X. 
  23. ↑ Meyer, E. (1929). "Seleukia und Ktesiphon". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin. 67: 1–26. 
  24. ↑ Reuther, O. (1929). "The German Excavations at Ctesiphon". Antiquity. 3 (12): 434–451. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00003781. 
  25. ↑ Upton, J. (1932). "The Expedition to Ctesiphon 1931–1932". Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 27: 188–197. 
  26. ↑ Fowlkes-Childs, B. (Julai 2016). “Ctesiphon.” Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. Diarkibkan dari asal pada 22 Oktober 2019.
  27. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1966). "Mesopotamia". First Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Season 1964. Jilid 1. Turin: Giappichelli editore. h. 1–88.
  28. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1967). "Mesopotamia". Second Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Season 1965. Jilid 2. Turin: Giappichelli editore.
  29. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1968–69). "Mesopotamia". Third Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Season 1966. Jilid 3–4. Turin: Giappichelli editore.
  30. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1960–71). "Mesopotamia". Fifth Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Season 1969. Jilid 5–6. Turin: Giappichelli editore.
  31. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1973–74). "Mesopotamia". Sixth Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Seasons 1972/74. Jilid 5–6. Turin: Giappichelli editore.
  32. ↑ Gullini, G. & Invernizzi, A. (1977). "Mesopotamia". Seventh Preliminary Report of Excavations at Seleucia and Ctesiphon, Seasons 1975/76. Jilid 7. Turin: Giappichelli editore.
  33. ↑ "Iraq to restore ancient Arch of Ctesiphon to woo back tourists". rawstory.com. May 30, 2013. 

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