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Eastbourne
Pada 1993, berikutnya cadangan kepada Majlis Kawasan Pilihanraya Bandaran oleh Eastbourne Civic Society (kini Eastbourne Society), suatu projek usaha sama yang didirikan untuk mendirikan plak-plak biru pada bangunan-bangunan berkaitan dengan orang-orang yang masyhur.[42]Prinsip-prinsip untuk pilihan telah secara luas ini telah didirikan oleh English Heritage untuk sebarang plak di London. yang pertama telah didirikan pada November 1994 di Jalan Milnthorpe di bekas rumah Sir Ernest Shackleton, penjelajah Antarctic. Projek ini berlanjutan, tetapi kini hanya dalam tangan Eastbourne Society. Oleh itu sejauhnya, plak-plak berikut di bawah skema di atas berada dalam posisi.
| Nama | Tarikh | Pekerjaan | Lokasi plak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mabel Lucie Attwell | 1879–1964 | Artist | Ocklynge Manor, 11 Mill Road |
| Lewis Carroll | 1832–1898 | Penulis | 7 Lushington Road |
| Cyril Connolly | 1903–1974 | Wartawan, pengkritik dan pengarang | 48 St John’s Road |
| Charles Dickens | 1812–1870 | Penulis | Pilgrims, 4–6 Borough Lane |
| Jeffery Farnol | 1878–1952 | Penulis | 14 Denton Road |
| Eric Ravilious | 1903–1942 | Artis | 11 Glynde Avenue |
| Sir Ernest Shackleton | 1874–1922 | Penjelajah Antarctic | 14 Milnthorpe Road |
Artis dan pengilustrasi Mabel Lucie Attwell disenaraikan di bawah nama perkahwinannya Mrs H Earnshaw di Ocklynge Manor idalamKelly's Directories of Eastbourne untuk 1935 dan 1936. Lewis Carroll, pengarang Alice in Wonderland, menggunakan hari-hari petama 19 masa cuti musim panas di Eastbourne di 1877, pada mulanya di Lushington Road.[43] Plak Cyril Connolly di St John’s Road memperingati tempat kediaman lelaki ini pada surat-surat semblilan tahun terakhir hidupnya. Plak ini memuliakan Charles Dickens mencatatkan lawatan pengarang ini sewaktu 1830an, apabila dia tinggal sebagai tetamu artis zaman Victoria Augustus Egg, RA, yang menyewakan rumah di Borough Lane.[44] Pengarang Jeffrey Farnol meninggal dunia di rumahnya di Denton Road pada 1952.[45] Eric Ravilious adalah pelukis masyhur paling terkenal, pengilustrasi dan pengukir buku. Sementara berkhidmat sebagai artis perang, dia gagal untuk kembali dari misi penyelamatan udara-laut di Iceland pada 1942. Plak di Glynde Avenue beada di rumah zaman kanak-kanaknya. Plak biru Sir Ernest Shackleton’s di Milnthorpe Road adalah yang pertama didirikan di bandar ini. Penjelajah polar tinggal di sana dari 1916 hingga 1922.[46]
| Nama | Tarikh | Pekerjaan | Lokasi plak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pupils of St Cyprian's School | |||
| Sir Cecil Beaton | 1904–1980 | Jurugambar dan pereka bentuk | 65 Summerdown Road |
| Cyril Connolly | 1903–1974 | Penulis dan Wartawan | |
| Henry C Longhurst | 1909–1978 | Wartawan dan AP | |
| Gavin Maxwell | 1914–1969 | Naturalist | |
| George Orwell (Eric Blair) | 1903–1950 | Penulis |
St Cyprian's School (1899–1939) in Summerdown Road was the preparatory school attended by a number of pupils in addition to those listed who enjoyed success in later life.
Tambahan pada plak-plak yang membentuk sebahagian dari skema di atas, plak dan peringatan yang berikut telah didirikan secara peribadi.
| Nama | Tarikh | Pekerjaan | Lokasi plak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charlie Chester | 1914–1997 | Ahli komedi, penyajak dan artis | Inside Royal Hippodrome |
| Tommy Cooper | 1921–1984 | Ahli komedi dan tukang sakti | 7 Motcombe Lane |
| Nelson Victor Carter | 1887–1916 | Pemegang Victoria Cross | 33 Greys Road |
| Professor Thomas Huxley | 1825–1895 | Ahli biologi | Hodesley, 10 Staveley Road |
| Professor Frederick Soddy | 1877–1956 | Physicist and radiochemist | Eastbourne College, Blackwater Road |
| 6 Bolton Road |
Bintang radio Charlie Chester telah dilahirkan Cecil Victor Manser, anak lelaki pelukis tanda pawagam tempatan yang disenaraikan dalam Buku Biru Eastbourne 1914 di 5 Tideswell Road. Sebuah bayang besi Tommy Cooper, dilengkap dengan ciri-ciri topi fez dan tangkal sakti ahli komedi, dapat dilihat di apanya kotej hujung minggunya di Motcombe Lane. Nelson Victor Carter, lahir di Eastbourne pada 1887, telah dianugerahkan posthumously Victoria Cross sementara berkhidmat dengan Royal Sussex Regiment di Western Front pada 1916. Pingatnya dipaparkan di Eastbourne Redoubt.[47] Rumah di Greys Road di mana dia tinggal dengan isterinya membawa plak dalam kemuliaannya.[48]Ahli biologi Profesor Thomas Huxley bermastautin di Staveley Road pada 1890.[12] Frederick Soddy, ahli kimia radio terkemuka dan pemenang hadiah Nobel, lahir di 6 Bolton Road dan dididik di Eastbourne College. Plak lebih besarnya dapat dilihat di School House di Blackwater Road.[49] Plak gangsa membawa inskripsi “Pada 1867 bangunan ini adalah rumah pertama Eastbourne College” dapat dilihat di Spencer Court (bekasnya Ellesmere Villas), 1 Spencer Road. Ia telah didirikan oleh Arnold Embellishers—suatu masyarakat charitable berkaitan dengan Eastbourne College—untuk menandakan ulang tahun ke-140 penemuan sekolah.[50] The novelist and children's writer Annie Keary died in the town in 1879.
Berikutnya kehilangan RMS Titanic, suatu rayuan telah dilancarkan pada 1912 untuk sebuah plak dengan mulianya James Wesley Woodward, seorang bekas pemain cello dengan Eastbourne Municipal Orchestra, yang kehilangan hidupnya apabila liner tenggelam dalam maiden voyangenya. Pada 1913, selepas banyak ketidaksetujuan ke atas lokasi, batu marmar dan plak gangsa diletak di Grand Parade berhadapan dengan Eastbourne Bandstand. Ia dapat dilihat di tingkat bawah, berhadapan dengan mimbar pentas pancaragam kini.[42]
Sebuah plak biru ditugaskan oleh kakitangan bekas St Mary’s Hospital, 1794–1990, telah didirikan di Letheran Place pada 2003. Ia memperingati askar-askar, penghuni, pesakit dan kakitangan dan bekerja di tapak itu.[51]Pemastautin terkemuka lain termasuk Charles Webb penulis The Graduate, yang memindah ke Eastbourne dengan isterinya pada 2006, di mana mereka dirumahkan oleh khidmat sosial.[52] Pemain piano Russ Conway tinggal di Eastbourne untuk beberapa tahun [53] dan jua Henry Allingham, secara ringkas orang tertua di dunia apabila dia meninggal dunia pada 2009 berusia 113. Percy Sillitoe, pengarah MI5, juga tinggal di bandar pada 1950an.
The seafront and the iconic cliff at Beachy Head has been used for many scenes in feature films. The 2006 Academy Award-nominated film Notes on a Scandal includes scenes filmed at Beachy Head, Cavendish Hotel and 117 Royal Parade. One of the Harry Potter films also filmed scenes at Beachy Head. Scenes from Half a Sixpence (1969) were filmed on the pier and near to the bandstand. The seafront area was also used for the film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging directed by Gurinder Chadha.[54] A sequence of a rainy day at the seaside for the Doel family has as its backdrop the Wish Tower, the bandstand, the Cavendish Hotel and the pier in the 1987 British/American drama film 84 Charing Cross Road directed by David Hugh Jones.[55]
Eastbourne has two cinemas—the Curzon Cinema and Cineworld. The Curzon Cinema is a small, family-run, independent cinema in Langney Road, in the town centre. Cineworld is a large multiplex cinema with six screens, located in The Crumbles Retail Park, near Sovereign Harbour.
Television too has used Eastbourne as a backdrop. The series Little Britain had the character Emily Howard strolling along the promenade. Other brief appearances were made in the television series Agatha Christie's Marple, French & Saunders and Foyle's War. One scene in Bang Bang, It's Reeves and Mortimer, was shot in and based around what is now known as "D2L" on Seaside Road. An ITV Christmas drama premiere entitled Christmas at the Riviera was also set in and around Eastbourne.[56] The town was used as a location for the BBC's 2009 series, Psychoville. BBC South East Today and ITV Meridian are the two regional news channels.
Local radio station Sovereign Radio broadcasts to Eastbourne from nearby Hailsham.[57] There are two other regional radio stations, Heart Sussex, (previously Southern FM) which broadcasts across Sussex from Portslade and BBC Sussex which broadcasts from Brighton. There is also a BBC shop in Eastbourne, situated on Terminus Road. Capital Radio afternoon presenter Chris Brooks started his career on Eastbourne Hospital Radio.[58]
Eastbourne has numerous parks and gardens, although there are several smaller open spaces including Upperton Gardens, the famous Carpet Gardens and the Western Lawns.
The first public park in Eastbourne was Hampden Park, originally owned by Lord Willingdon and opened on 12 August 1902.[6] Facilities include: football pitches, rugby club, indoor bowls, a large lake (formerly a Decoy pond), lakeside cafe, children's recreation area, tennis courts, BMX and skate facility, disc golf course (target) and woodland.
The largest and newest park is Shinewater Park, located on the west side of Langney and opened in 2002. There is a narrow gauge railway, large fishing lake, basketball, football pitches, a BMX and skate park and children's playground.
Helen Gardens - laid out in 1933Gildredge Park and Manor Gardens: A large open park located between the town centre and Old Town, Gildredge Park is very popular with families and has a children's playground, cafe, tennis courts, disc golf course (target) and bowls lawns. The smaller, adjoining, Manor Gardens combines both lawns and shady areas as well as a rose garden.
Manor House (1776), set within Manor GardensUntil 2005, Manor Gardens was the home of the Towner Gallery. This gallery incorporated a permanent exhibition of local art and historical items, plus temporary art exhibitions of regional and national significance. It was relocated to a new, £8.6 million purpose-built facility adjacent to the Congress Theatre, Devonshire Park which opened on 4 April 2009.
Princes Park obtained its name during a visit by the Duke of Windsor as Prince of Wales in 1931.[26] Located at the eastern end of the seafront, it has a children's playground with paddling pool, cafe, bowls and a large lake, noted for its swans. The lake is used by a nearby water–sports centre, which offers kayak and windsurfing training. Princes Park lake is also home to Eastbourne Model Powerboat Club[59] and Eastbourne Model Yacht Club[60]. Close by are tennis and basketball courts and a football pitch. At the north of the park is Eastbourne United F.C.
Devonshire Park, home to the pre–Wimbledon ladies tennis championships, is located just off the seafront in the towns cultural district.
Italian Gardens - landscaped in 1922Other parks include: Helen Gardens and the Italian Gardens at the western end of the seafront, Sovereign Park between the main seafront and the marina and Motcombe Gardens in Old Town.
Eastbourne has four council-owned theatres; the Grade II* listed[61] Congress Theatre, the Grade II listed Devonshire Park Theatre, the Grade II listed Winter Garden and the Grade II listed Royal Hippodrome Theatre. The Devonshire Park Theatre is a fine example of a Victorian theatre with ornate interior decorations, and the Royal Hippodrome has the longest running summer show in Britain.[62]Other theatre venues in the town include the volunteer-run Underground Theatre, in the basement of the town's Central Library,[63] and The Lamb Theatre, based at the Lamb Inn in Old Town, and launched in August 2009.[64]
Eastbourne is home to some modern bands such as Toploader,[65] Easyworld,[66] Rooster[67], The Mobiles,[68] Drum & Bass producer Dub One[69] and Hip Hop producer Evil Ed.[70] The classical composer Claude Debussy and his young lover Emma Bardac, the wife of a Parisian banker, resided in Eastbourne in 1904 after fleeing France to avoid scandal. Whilst in Eastbourne he completed the Orchestral piece La Mer.[71] The London Philharmonic Orchestra makes regular appearances and has an annual season at the Congress Theatre.
Eastbourne Bandstand (1935)Eastbourne Bandstand lies between the Wish Tower and the pier. It stages the 1812 Firework Concerts, Rock N Roll nights, Big Band concerts, Promenade concerts and Tribute Nights with tributes to artists such as ABBA, Elvis Presley and Queen.There was once a second similar bandstand (also built in 1935) in the "music gardens" near the redoubt fortress. The bandstand was removed to make way for the Pavilion Tearooms but the colonnades built around it are still there (behind the tea rooms). Before 1935 each of these sites had a smaller "birdcage" bandstand; the one in the music gardens having been moved from a rather precarious position opposite the Albion Hotel. The "kiosk" in the music gardens was originally one of the toll kiosks at the entrance to the pier.[4]
As a seaside resort, the natural focus of leisure activity is the 4 batu (6.4 km) of shingle beach which stretches from the harbour in the east to Beachy Head in the west. In a 1998 survey[40] 56% of visitors said that the beach and seafront was one of Eastbourne best features, although 10% listed the pebbled beach as a dislike. The majority of the seafront consists of hotels, from petite guest houses to grand buildings.
Located halfway along the beach lies Eastbourne Pier, opened in 1870. In 1877 the landward half was swept away in a storm.[25] It was rebuilt at a higher level, creating a drop towards the end of the pier.[17] The pier is effectively built on stilts that rest in cups on the seabed allowing the whole structure to move during rough weather.
Other recreation facilities include two swimming pools, three fitness centres and other smaller sports clubs including scuba diving.[72]
A children's adventure park is sited along the seafront. There are various other establishments scattered around the town such as crazy golf, go–karting and Laser Quest.
Eastbourne's Devonshire Park is the venue for the International Women's Open, a Women's tennis tournament traditionally seen as the warm-up to Wimbledon. The tournament has been held in the town since 1975, and although in 2007 the Lawn Tennis Association was considering relocating it to London,[73] they instead opted to merge it with the Nottingham Open, a men's event normally held at the same time, starting with the 2009 tournament.[74]
On a national level, Eastbourne is home to three senior football clubs all bearing the town's name. Eastbourne Borough F.C. play in the Blue Square Premier, having been promoted from the Blue Square South at the end of the 2007–08 season, Eastbourne Town F.C. won promotion in 2006–07 to Ryman League Division One South while Eastbourne United F.C. play in Sussex County League Division 1. The Eastbourne Eagles are a speedway club located at Arlington Stadium, just outside the town. They compete in the Speedway Elite League, the highest level of speedway in England. The sport was staged prior to the war and included occasional team matches. The Eagles featured in the original National League Division Three in 1947 but the team transferred to Hastings in 1948. The track staged meetings over the years at the lower level but failed to gain entry to the Provincial League in the early 1960s. The track became involved in League speedway again in the 1970s and has operated continuously since. The Stadium also sees stock-car racing on Wednesday evenings in the summer months.
Eastbourne is represented at a local level in many other sports including cricket, hockey, rugby, lacrosse and golf. There is an annual extreme sports festival held at the eastern end of the seafront.
In addition to the town's own sporting teams, Eastbourne plays host to the University of Brighton's sports teams including the successful Women's Football Team who in the 2006–07 season were second only to Loughborough University Women's Football Team in the British Universities Sports Association (B.U.S.A.) championships, and then went on to represent the UK in the European University Sports Association championships. [petikan diperlukan]
There was once a small race-course at Bullock Down near Beachy Head.[75]
In 2009, Eastbourne gained a new cultural centre,[76] replacing the Manor House (which has now been sold) as home of the Towner Art Gallery; it is located in the cultural district next to the Congress Theatre and Devonshire Park. One feature that has always been heavily promoted is Eastbourne's floral displays, most notably the Carpet Gardens along the coastal road near the pier. These displays, and the town as a whole, frequently win awards — such as the 'Coastal Resort B' Kategori in the 2003 Britain in Bloom competition.The pier is an obvious place to visit and is sometimes used to hold events, such as the international birdman competition held annually, although cancelled in 2005 due to lack of competitors.[77] An annual raft competition takes place where competitors, usually local businesses, circumnavigate the pier in a raft made by themselves, while being attacked by a water-cannon.
A major event in the tourist calendar of Eastbourne is the annually held 4 day, international air show, 'Airbourne'. Started in 1993,[78] based around a long relationship with the Red Arrows display team, the event features Battle of Britain memorial flights and aircraft from the RAF, USAF and many others.
The famous Chinese State Circus performs once a year in Princes Park.
Eastbourne Redoubt on Royal Parade is one of three examples of a type of fortress built to withstand potential invasion from Napoleon's forces in the early nineteenth century.[79] It houses collections from The Royal Sussex Regiment, The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars, and the Sussex Combined Services Collection; including four Victoria Crosses and General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim's Steyr Automobile 1500A Afrika Korps Staff Car. Another museum is How We Lived Then, a museum of shops and local history, with exhibits representing complete scenarios such as shops and houses with life sized dummies. The museum contains more than 100,000 exhibits, covering the period from the 1800s to World War II.[80]
Eastbourne can claim some notable regular visitors. Karl Marx[12] and Frederick Engels were often in the area; the latter's ashes were scattered from Beachy Head at his request.[81]
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