Bibliografi Geseran_gusi_tak_bersuara

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (1975), "The Distribution of Retracted Sibilants in Medieval Europe", Language, 51 (2): 282–292 
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1-2): 53–56 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94 
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76 
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47 
  • Honeybone, P (2001), "Lenition inhibition in Liverpool English", English Language and Linguistics, 5 (2): 213–249 
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107 
  • Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969). The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (edisi Second). Blackwell.  Teks "authorlink-Peter Ladefoged

" diabaikan (bantuan)

  • Maddieson, Ian (1984), Patterns of Sound, Camebridge University Press 
  • Marotta, Giovanna & Marlen Barth (2005), "Acoustic and sociolingustic aspects of lenition in Liverpool English", Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online 3 (2): 377-413
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259 
  • Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94–97 
  • Pandeli, H; Eska, J; Ball, Martin; Rahilly, J, "Problems of phonetic transcription: the case of the Hiberno-English slit-t", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 27: 65–75 
  • Recasens, Daniel; Pallarès, Maria Dolores (2001), "Coarticulation, Assimilation and Blending in Catalan Consonant Clusters", Journal of Phonetics, 29 (3): 273–301 
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121 
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264 
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41 
  • Torreblanca, Máximo (1988), "Latín Basium, Castellano Beso, Catalán Bes, Portugués Beijo", Hispanic Review, 56 (3): 343–348 
PulmonikDwi​bibirBibir​gigiGigiGusiBel.​gusiGel.Lel.Ve​larUvu​larFar.Epig.Glot.Bukan pulmonik dan aksara lain [sunting • bincang]
Sengaumɱn̪nɳɲŋɴ Klik ʘǀǃǂǁ
Letupanpbp̪b̪t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ Impl. ɓɗʄɠʛ
Geseranɸβfvθðszʃʒʂʐçʝxɣχʁħʕʜʢhɦ Ejekt. pʼtʼkʼqʼsʼ
Aproks.ʋɹɻjɰ Letus. p̪͡ft͡sd͡zt͡ʃd͡ʒt͡ɕd͡ʑʈ͡ʂɖ͡ʐt͡ɬd͡ɮ
Getaranʙr•ʀ•Sisian lain ɺ•ɫ
Ketukan/
Tamparan		ⱱ̟ⱱɾɽ••Geseran serentak ɕʑɧ
Geseran Sisianɬɮ•••Aproks. serentak ʍwɥ
Aproks. SisianlɭʎʟHentian serentak k͡pɡ͡bŋ͡m
Jadual ini mengandungi maklumat fonetik dalam IPA yang mungkin tidak dapat dipaparkan dengan betul dalam sesetengah pelayar. [bantuan]
Bagi aksara-aksara berpasangan, aksara di kanan ialah konsonan bersuara. Petak-petak yang digelapkan menandakan penyebutan pulmonik yang didapati mustahil.
Lihat juga IPA · Vokal